The assignment may only be set up against the debtor, if he has not already consented to it, if he has been notified of it or if he has taken note of it.
The debtor may raise against the assignee the defences inherent in the debt, such as nullity, the defence of non-performance, resolution or set-off of related debts. He may also raise defences arising from his dealings with the assignor before the assignment became enforceable against him, such as the granting of a term, the remission of a debt or the set-off of unrelated debts.
The assignor and the assignee are jointly and severally liable for all additional costs occasioned by the assignment which the debtor is not required to advance. Unless otherwise agreed, the burden of these costs falls on the assignee.