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Article 1328 of the French Civil Code

The substituted debtor, and the original debtor if he remains liable, may raise against the creditor the defences inherent in the debt, such as nullity, the defence of non-performance, resolution or set-off of related debts. Each party may also raise exceptions that are personal to him.

Original in French 🇫🇷
Article 1328

Le débiteur substitué, et le débiteur originaire s’il reste tenu, peuvent opposer au créancier les exceptions inhérentes à la dette, telles que la nullité, l’exception d’inexécution, la résolution ou la compensation de dettes connexes. Chacun peut aussi opposer les exceptions qui lui sont personnelles.

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