The oath is evidence only in favour of or against the person who has referred it and his heirs and assigns.
The oath referred by one of the joint and several creditors to the debtor discharges the debtor only in respect of that creditor’s share.
The oath referred to the principal debtor also discharges the sureties.
The oath referred to one of the joint and several debtors benefits the co-debtors.
The oath referred to the surety benefits the principal debtor.
In these last two cases, the oath of the joint and several debtor or of the surety benefits the other co-debtors or the principal debtor only when it has been referred on the debt, and not on the fact of joint and several liability or surety.