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Article 430 of the French Code of civil procedure

The court shall be composed, on pain of nullity, in accordance with the rules relating to judicial organisation.

Challenges relating to its regularity must be presented, on pain of inadmissibility, as soon as the debates are opened or as soon as the irregularity is revealed if it occurs subsequently, failing which no subsequent nullity may be pronounced on this count, even of its own motion.

The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply in cases where a person has been called upon whose profession or duties are not those that entitle him to be a member of the court.

Original in French 🇫🇷
Article 430

La juridiction est composée, à peine de nullité, conformément aux règles relatives à l’organisation judiciaire.

Les contestations afférentes à sa régularité doivent être présentées, à peine d’irrecevabilité, dès l’ouverture des débats ou dès la révélation de l’irrégularité si celle-ci survient postérieurement, faute de quoi aucune nullité ne pourra être ultérieurement prononcée de ce chef, même d’office.

Les dispositions de l’alinéa qui précède ne sont pas applicables dans les cas où il aurait été fait appel à une personne dont la profession ou les fonctions ne sont pas de celles qui l’habilitent à faire partie de la juridiction.

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