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Article 446-1 of the French Code of civil procedure

At the hearing, the parties present their claims and supporting arguments orally. They may also refer to any claims and pleas they may have formulated in writing. The parties’ observations are noted in the case file or recorded in minutes.

Where a specific provision so provides, the parties may be authorised to formulate their claims and pleas in writing without appearing at the hearing. The judgment rendered under these conditions is adversarial. Nevertheless, the judge always has the option of ordering that the parties appear before him.

Original in French 🇫🇷
Article 446-1

Les parties présentent oralement à l’audience leurs prétentions et les moyens à leur soutien. Elles peuvent également se référer aux prétentions et aux moyens qu’elles auraient formulés par écrit. Les observations des parties sont notées au dossier ou consignées dans un procès-verbal.



Lorsqu’une disposition particulière le prévoit, les parties peuvent être autorisées à formuler leurs prétentions et leurs moyens par écrit sans se présenter à l’audience. Le jugement rendu dans ces conditions est contradictoire. Néanmoins, le juge a toujours la faculté d’ordonner que les parties se présentent devant lui.

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