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Article 468 of the French Code of civil procedure

If, without legitimate reason, the plaintiff does not appear, the defendant may request a judgment on the merits, which will be adversarial, unless the judge decides to adjourn the case to a later hearing.

The judge may also, even of his own motion, declare the summons null and void.
The judge may also, even of his own motion, declare the summons null and void. The declaration that the summons has lapsed may be revoked if the plaintiff informs the court registry within fifteen days of the legitimate reason that he would not have been able to invoke in due time. In this case, the parties are summoned to a subsequent hearing.

Original in French 🇫🇷
Article 468
Si, sans motif légitime, le demandeur ne comparaît pas, le défendeur peut requérir un jugement sur le fond qui sera contradictoire, sauf la faculté du juge de renvoyer l’affaire à une audience ultérieure.

Le juge peut aussi, même d’office, déclarer la citation caduque. La déclaration de caducité peut être rapportée si le demandeur fait connaître au greffe dans un délai de quinze jours le motif légitime qu’il n’aurait pas été en mesure d’invoquer en temps utile. Dans ce cas, les parties sont convoquées à une audience ultérieure.

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