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Article 595 of the French Civil Code

The usufructuary may enjoy by himself, lease to another, even sell or transfer his right free of charge.

Leases which the usufructuary alone has made for a period which exceeds nine years are, in the event of cessation of the usufruct, obligatory with regard to the bare owner only for the time which remains to run, either of the first nine-year period, if the parties are still in it, or of the second, and so on so that the lessee only has the right to complete the enjoyment of the nine-year period in which he is.

Leases of nine years or less which the usufructuary alone has entered into or renewed more than three years before the expiry of the current lease in the case of rural property, and more than two years before the same time in the case of houses, are without effect, unless their execution began before the cessation of the usufruct.

The usufructuary may not, without the agreement of the bare owner, lease a rural business or a building for commercial, industrial or craft use. In the absence of the bare owner’s agreement, the usufructuary may be authorised by the court to enter into this deed alone.

Original in French 🇫🇷
Article 595

L’usufruitier peut jouir par lui-même, donner à bail à un autre, même vendre ou céder son droit à titre gratuit.

Les baux que l’usufruitier seul a faits pour un temps qui excède neuf ans ne sont, en cas de cessation de l’usufruit, obligatoires à l’égard du nu-propriétaire que pour le temps qui reste à courir, soit de la première période de neuf ans, si les parties s’y trouvent encore, soit de la seconde, et ainsi de suite de manière que le preneur n’ait que le droit d’achever la jouissance de la période de neuf ans où il se trouve.

Les baux de neuf ans ou au-dessous que l’usufruitier seul a passés ou renouvelés plus de trois ans avant l’expiration du bail courant s’il s’agit de biens ruraux, et plus de deux ans avant la même époque s’il s’agit de maisons, sont sans effet, à moins que leur exécution n’ait commencé avant la cessation de l’usufruit.

L’usufruitier ne peut, sans le concours du nu-propriétaire, donner à bail un fonds rural ou un immeuble à usage commercial, industriel ou artisanal. A défaut d’accord du nu-propriétaire, l’usufruitier peut être autorisé par justice à passer seul cet acte.

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