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Article 7 of the French Code of civil procedure

The judge may not base his decision on facts that are not in the debate.

Among the elements of the debate, the judge may take into consideration even facts that the parties would not have specifically invoked in support of their claims.

Original in French 🇫🇷
Article 7

Le juge ne peut fonder sa décision sur des faits qui ne sont pas dans le débat.

Parmi les éléments du débat, le juge peut prendre en considération même les faits que les parties n’auraient pas spécialement invoqués au soutien de leurs prétentions.

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