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Article L1121-1 of the French Public procurement code

A concession contract is a contract by which one or more conceding authorities subject to this code entrust the execution of works or the management of a service to one or more economic operators, to whom is transferred a risk linked to the operation of the work or service, in exchange either for the right to operate the work or service which is the subject of the contract, or for this right together with a price.
The share of risk transferred to the concessionaire implies real exposure to the vagaries of the market, so that any potential loss borne by the concessionaire must not be purely theoretical or negligible. The operator assumes the operating risk when, under normal operating conditions, it cannot be sure of recovering the investments or costs it has incurred in operating the facility or service.

Original in French 🇫🇷
Article L1121-1


Un contrat de concession est un contrat par lequel une ou plusieurs autorités concédantes soumises au présent code confient l’exécution de travaux ou la gestion d’un service à un ou plusieurs opérateurs économiques, à qui est transféré un risque lié à l’exploitation de l’ouvrage ou du service, en contrepartie soit du droit d’exploiter l’ouvrage ou le service qui fait l’objet du contrat, soit de ce droit assorti d’un prix.
La part de risque transférée au concessionnaire implique une réelle exposition aux aléas du marché, de sorte que toute perte potentielle supportée par le concessionnaire ne doit pas être purement théorique ou négligeable. Le concessionnaire assume le risque d’exploitation lorsque, dans des conditions d’exploitation normales, il n’est pas assuré d’amortir les investissements ou les coûts, liés à l’exploitation de l’ouvrage ou du service, qu’il a supportés.

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