The holder of a bill of exchange is considered a legitimate bearer if he proves his right by an uninterrupted series of endorsements, even if the last endorsement is blank. Crossed-out endorsements are deemed to be unwritten. When a blank endorsement is followed by another endorsement, the signatory of the latter is deemed to have acquired the bill by the blank endorsement.
If a person has been dispossessed of a bill of exchange by any event whatsoever, the bearer justifying his right in the manner indicated in the preceding paragraph is only obliged to divest himself of the bill if he acquired it in bad faith or if, in acquiring it, he committed gross negligence.