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Article L511-5 of the French Commercial code

Bills of exchange subscribed by minors are void as regards them, save for the respective rights of the parties, in accordance with Article 1352-4 of the Civil Code.

If the bill of exchange bears signatures of persons incapable of obligating themselves by bill of exchange, false signatures or signatures of imaginary persons or signatures which, for any other reason, cannot bind the persons who signed the bill of exchange, or in whose name it was signed, the obligations of the other signatories are no less valid.

Whoever signs a bill of exchange as the representative of a person for whom he had no authority to act, is himself obliged under the bill and, if he has paid, has the same rights as the purported principal would have had. The same applies to a representative who has exceeded his powers.

Original in French 🇫🇷
Article L511-5

Les lettres de change souscrites par des mineurs sont nulles à leur égard, sauf les droits respectifs des parties, conformément à l’article 1352-4 du code civil.

Si la lettre de change porte des signatures de personnes incapables de s’obliger par lettre de change, des signatures fausses ou des signatures de personnes imaginaires ou des signatures qui, pour toute autre raison, ne sauraient obliger les personnes qui ont signé la lettre de change, ou du nom desquelles elle a été signée, les obligations des autres signataires n’en sont pas moins valables.

Quiconque appose sa signature sur une lettre de change comme représentant d’une personne pour laquelle il n’avait pas le pouvoir d’agir, est obligé lui-même en vertu de la lettre et, s’il a payé, a les mêmes droits qu’aurait eus le prétendu représenté. Il en est de même du représentant qui a dépassé ses pouvoirs.

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