Any bill of exchange, even if not expressly drawn to order, is transferable by way of endorsement.
Where the drawer has inserted in the bill of exchange the words “not to order” or an equivalent expression, the instrument is transferable only in the form and with the effects of an ordinary assignment.
Endorsement may be made even in favour of the drawee, whether acceptor or not, the drawer or any other obligor. These persons may endorse the letter again.
The endorsement must be pure and simple. Any condition to which it is subordinate is deemed unwritten.
Partial endorsement is void.
Endorsement “to bearer” is valid as blank endorsement.
Endorsement must be written on the bill of exchange or on a sheet attached to it and called an allonge. It must be signed by the endorser. The latter’s signature is affixed, either by hand or by any non-handwritten process.
The endorsement may not designate the beneficiary or consist of a blank endorsement constituted by the mere signature of the endorser. In the latter case, the endorsement, to be valid, must be written on the back of the bill of exchange or on the allonge.