The authorities likely to offer protection may be the authorities of the State or of parties or organisations, including international organisations, which control the State or a significant part of its territory. Such protection must be effective and not temporary.
Such protection is in principle ensured where the authorities defined in the first subparagraph take appropriate measures to prevent persecution or serious harm, in particular where they have an effective judicial system for detecting, prosecuting and punishing acts constituting such persecution or harm, and where the applicant has access to such protection.