I.-A.-The provisions of C apply if a credit institution or finance company is in one of the following situations:
1° It has breached a provision of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013, with the exception of the requirements set out in Articles 92a and 92b thereof;
2° It has breached a provision of Title I and Title III of Book V, with the exception of the recommendations on additional own funds made by the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution pursuant to IIa of Article L. 511-41-3 and the cushions mentioned in II of Article L. 511-41-A, or of the regulatory provisions adopted for its application;
3° It has infringed any other legislative or regulatory provision whose infringement entails infringement of the aforementioned provisions;
4° It has failed to comply with a formal notice to comply with these provisions or with an injunction provided for in Articles L. 511-41-3 and L. 511-41-4;
5° It carries out at least one of the activities mentioned in Article 4(1)(1)(b) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and reaches a threshold indicated in that Article without being authorised as a credit institution.
B.-The provisions of C shall apply if an investment firm finds itself in one of the following situations:
1° It has infringed a provision of Regulation (EU) 2019/2033 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019;
2° It has infringed a provision of Title III of Book V;
3° It has infringed any other legislative or regulatory provision whose infringement entails infringement of the aforementioned provisions;
4° It authorises one or more persons who do not comply with Articles L 533-25 to L. 533-27-1 to become or remain a member of the management body;
However, the provisions of C apply to Class 1a investment firms if they are in one of the situations referred to in A.
C.-When a credit institution, investment firm or finance company is in one of the situations referred to in A or B, the Enforcement Committee may impose one or more of the following disciplinary sanctions, depending on the seriousness of the breach:
1° A warning;
2° A reprimand;
3° A prohibition on carrying out certain transactions and any other restrictions on carrying on business;
4° Partial withdrawal of authorisation;
5° Total withdrawal of authorisation or removal from the list of authorised persons, with or without the appointment of a liquidator.
The sanction referred to in 3° may not exceed a period of ten years.
For credit institutions, the sanction provided for in 4° may only be imposed for activities not covered by the authorisation issued by the European Central Bank. For these same institutions, and for activities that fall within the scope of this authorisation, the sanctions provided for in 4° and 5° respectively take the form of a partial or total prohibition on activity imposed as a precautionary measure.
Where the Enforcement Committee imposes a total ban on a credit institution’s activities, the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution proposes to the European Central Bank that it withdraw its authorisation. If the European Central Bank does not withdraw the authorisation, the Enforcement Committee may deliberate again and impose another sanction from among those provided for in this article.
II. – If a financial holding company, a mixed financial holding company or a parent undertaking of a finance company has breached a provision of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013, a provision of Title I and Title III of Book V or of a regulation adopted for its application or any other legislative or regulatory provision whose infringement entails infringement of the aforementioned provisions, or if it has failed to comply with a formal notice to comply with these provisions, the Enforcement Committee may issue a warning or reprimand, depending on the seriousness of the infringement.
IIa – If an investment holding company or an EU parent investment holding company has infringed a provision of Regulation (EU) 2019/2033, a provision of Title I and Title III of Book V, a regulatory provision adopted for their application or any other legislative or regulatory provision whose infringement entails infringement of the aforementioned provisions, or if it has failed to comply with a formal notice to comply with these provisions, the Enforcement Committee may issue a warning or reprimand, depending on the seriousness of the infringement.
III. – If a mixed-activity holding company or a mixed-activity parent undertaking of a finance company fails to comply with an injunction subject to a fine issued pursuant to Article L. 612-25 or fails to submit to an on-site inspection as provided for in Article L. 612-26, the Enforcement Committee may impose a fine of up to one million euros.
IV. – If one of the persons or entities mentioned in I or II of Article L. 613-34 has breached a provision of Regulation (EU) No 806/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 July 2014, a provision of Section 4 of Chapter III of this Title or any other legislative or regulatory provision whose breach entails breach of the aforementioned provisions, or if it has failed to comply with a formal notice to comply with these provisions or an injunction provided for in Article L. 312-6-1, I, II and III of Article L. 511-41-5, III and V of Article L. 613-36, II of Article L. 613-42, Article L. 613-45 and 3° of Article L. 613-46-7, the Enforcement Committee may impose on this person or entity one or more of the disciplinary sanctions mentioned in I above.
V. – The Enforcement Committee may impose, either instead of or in addition to the penalties provided for in I, II and IV, a financial penalty of up to 10% of the undertaking’s annual net turnover, including gross income from interest and similar income, income from shares and other variable- or fixed-income securities, and commissions received in accordance with Article 316 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 during the previous financial year.
Where the undertaking is a subsidiary of a parent undertaking, the gross income to be taken into consideration is that shown in the consolidated accounts of the ultimate parent undertaking during the previous financial year.
Where the benefit derived from the breach can be determined, the Enforcement Committee will impose a penalty of up to twice the amount of the benefit.
Where authorisation is withdrawn under this article, the Enforcement Committee may cancel the certificates issued by the person in question pursuant to article L. 312-7.
VI. – The Enforcement Committee may impose a penalty payment, the amount of which it sets and the date on which it takes effect.
VII. – Where direct and personal liability for the breaches or offences referred to in I, II, IIa and IV is established in respect of persons who effectively manage the business of the company within the meaning of Articles L. 511-13 or L. 532-2, members of the board of directors, the supervisory board, the management board or any other body exercising equivalent functions within a credit institution, an investment firm, a finance company, a financial holding company, a mixed financial holding company, an investment holding company, a parent undertaking of a finance company or any other entity mentioned in I and, where applicable, II of Article L. 613-34, the Enforcement Committee may, depending on the seriousness of the breach, temporarily suspend or dismiss them.
The duration of these sanctions may not exceed ten years.
VIII. – Where direct and personal liability for the breaches or offences in question is established in respect of persons who effectively manage, within the meaning of articles L. 511-13 or L. 532-2, the business of a credit institution, an investment firm, a finance company, a financial holding company, a mixed financial holding company, a parent undertaking of a finance company or any other entity mentioned in I and, where applicable, II of Article L. 613-34, the Enforcement Committee may impose, either instead of or in addition to the penalties mentioned in VII, a fine of up to five million euros.
Where the benefit derived from the breach can be determined, it may impose a penalty of up to twice that amount.
IX. – If a natural person ceases to hold a position for which he or she is held liable within a period of one year or less before the disciplinary proceedings are initiated, this does not constitute an obstacle to the imposition of one of the penalties provided for in this article.
X. – The amount and type of the sanction imposed under this article shall be determined taking into account, in particular, where applicable:
1° The seriousness and duration of the breaches committed and, where applicable, their potential systemic consequences ;
2° the degree of responsibility of the perpetrator, his financial situation, the size of the gains he has made or the losses he has avoided, his degree of cooperation with the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution and the breaches he has previously committed; and
3° Damages suffered by third parties as a result of the breaches, if they can be determined.
XI. – When sanction proceedings are initiated against an individual pursuant to the provisions of this Article, the panel of the AMF that decides to initiate proceedings will notify the individual of the grievances, specifying the grounds on which the individual may be held directly and personally liable for the breaches or offences in question.
A copy of the statement of objections shall be sent to the board of directors, the supervisory board or any other body performing equivalent functions of the undertaking within which the natural person performs his duties and, where appropriate, to the board of directors, the supervisory board or any other body performing equivalent functions of the parent undertaking or the central body of the undertaking within which the natural person performs his duties.
XII. – In accordance with the conditions laid down by a decree of the Conseil d’Etat, the decision of the Enforcement Committee is published in the publications, newspapers or media that it designates, in a format proportionate to the misconduct committed and the sanction imposed. The costs are borne by the persons sanctioned.
However, the decisions of the Enforcement Committee are published anonymously in the following cases:
1° When, in the case of a sanction imposed on a natural person, a prior assessment based on information provided by the interested party shows that the publication of personal data concerning him or her would cause disproportionate harm;
2° When non-anonymised publication would jeopardise the stability of the financial markets or an ongoing criminal investigation;
3° When objective and verifiable evidence provided by the person being prosecuted shows that the harm that would result from non-anonymous publication would be disproportionate.
Where the situations referred to in 1° to 3° are likely to cease to exist within a short period, the Enforcement Committee may decide to defer publication for that period.
XIII. – The provisions of this Article apply to persons who have not complied with the injunction provided for in Articles L. 511-12-1 and L. 531-6.