Subsection I: Invalidity of deeds on formal grounds.

The nullity of procedural acts may be invoked as and when they are performed; but it is covered if the person invoking it has, subsequent to the act criticised, put forward defences on the merits or opposed a plea of inadmissibility without raising the nullity.

All pleas of nullity against procedural acts that have already been performed must be raised simultaneously, failing which those that have not been raised will be inadmissible.

No procedural act may be declared null and void on the grounds of a defect in form unless its nullity is expressly provided for by law, except in the case of failure to observe a substantial formality or a formality of public policy. Invalidity may only be declared if the adversary who invokes it proves the prejudice caused to him by the irregularity, even when it concerns a substantial formality…

The nullity is covered by the subsequent regularisation of the deed if no foreclosure has occurred and if the regularisation leaves no grievance remaining.

The penalty for failure to observe a procedural formality prior to the hearing shall be subject to the rules laid down in this sub-section.