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Article 12 of the French Code of civil procedure

The judge shall decide the dispute in accordance with the rules of law applicable to it.

He must give or restore their exact characterisation to the facts and acts in dispute without stopping at the name that the parties would have proposed.

However, he may not change the name or the legal basis where the parties, by virtue of an express agreement and for the rights of which they have free disposal, have bound him by the qualifications and points of law to which they intend to limit the debate.

Once the dispute has arisen, the parties may also, in the same matters and under the same condition, entrust the judge with the task of ruling as amiable compositeur, subject to appeal if they have not specifically waived this.

Original in French 🇫🇷
Article 12

Le juge tranche le litige conformément aux règles de droit qui lui sont applicables.

Il doit donner ou restituer leur exacte qualification aux faits et actes litigieux sans s’arrêter à la dénomination que les parties en auraient proposée.

Toutefois, il ne peut changer la dénomination ou le fondement juridique lorsque les parties, en vertu d’un accord exprès et pour les droits dont elles ont la libre disposition, l’ont lié par les qualifications et points de droit auxquels elles entendent limiter le débat.

Le litige né, les parties peuvent aussi, dans les mêmes matières et sous la même condition, conférer au juge mission de statuer comme amiable compositeur, sous réserve d’appel si elles n’y ont pas spécialement renoncé.

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