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Article 1249 of the French Civil Code

Compensation for environmental damage is primarily in kind.

In the event that it is de jure or de facto impossible or that reparation measures are insufficient, the judge shall order the person responsible to pay damages, earmarked for environmental reparation, to the claimant or, if the claimant is unable to take appropriate measures to this end, to the State.

The assessment of the loss takes into account, where applicable, any reparation measures already taken, in particular in the context of the implementation of Title VI of Book I of the Environmental Code.

Original in French 🇫🇷
Article 1249

La réparation du préjudice écologique s’effectue par priorité en nature.

En cas d’impossibilité de droit ou de fait ou d’insuffisance des mesures de réparation, le juge condamne le responsable à verser des dommages et intérêts, affectés à la réparation de l’environnement, au demandeur ou, si celui-ci ne peut prendre les mesures utiles à cette fin, à l’Etat.

L’évaluation du préjudice tient compte, le cas échéant, des mesures de réparation déjà intervenues, en particulier dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre du titre VI du livre Ier du code de l’environnement.

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