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Article 1375 of the French Civil Code

A deed under private signature evidencing a synallagmatic contract is only evidence if it has been drawn up in as many originals as there are parties with a distinct interest, unless the parties have agreed to hand over the only copy drawn up to a third party.

Each original must state the number of originals that have been made.

The person who has performed the contract, even partially, may not rely on the failure to have a plurality of originals or to state their number.

The requirement for a plurality of originals is deemed to be satisfied for contracts in electronic form where the document is drawn up and stored in accordance with Articles 1366 and 1367, and the process enables each party to have a copy on a durable medium or to have access to it.

Original in French 🇫🇷
Article 1375

L’acte sous signature privée qui constate un contrat synallagmatique ne fait preuve que s’il a été fait en autant d’originaux qu’il y a de parties ayant un intérêt distinct, à moins que les parties ne soient convenues de remettre à un tiers l’unique exemplaire dressé.

Chaque original doit mentionner le nombre des originaux qui en ont été faits.

Celui qui a exécuté le contrat, même partiellement, ne peut opposer le défaut de la pluralité d’originaux ou de la mention de leur nombre.

L’exigence d’une pluralité d’originaux est réputée satisfaite pour les contrats sous forme électronique lorsque l’acte est établi et conservé conformément aux articles 1366 et 1367, et que le procédé permet à chaque partie de disposer d’un exemplaire sur support durable ou d’y avoir accès.

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