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Article 1873-18 of the French Civil Code

Where the agreement between usufructuary and bare owner provides for decisions to be taken by a majority in number and in shares, the voting right attaching to the shares is divided equally between usufruct and bare ownership, unless the parties have agreed otherwise.

Any expenditure exceeding the obligations of the usufructuary, as defined by the articles 582 et seq, only engages him with his consent given in the agreement itself or by a subsequent deed.

The alienation of the full ownership of undivided property may not be made without the agreement of the usufructuary, except in the case where it is caused by creditors entitled to pursue the sale.

Original in French 🇫🇷
Article 1873-18

Lorsque la convention passée entre usufruitiers et nus-propriétaires prévoit que des décisions seront prises à la majorité en nombre et en parts, le droit de vote afférent aux parts est divisé par moitié entre l’usufruit et la nue-propriété, à moins que les parties n’en soient autrement convenues.

Toute dépense excédant les obligations de l’usufruitier, telles qu’elles sont définies par les articles 582 et suivants, ne l’engage qu’avec son consentement donné dans la convention elle-même ou par un acte ultérieur.

L’aliénation de la pleine propriété des biens indivis ne peut être faite sans l’accord de l’usufruitier, sauf le cas où elle est provoquée par les créanciers habiles à poursuivre la vente.

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