I. – 1. Subject to international conventions, capital gains, as defined in e bis and e ter of I of l’article 164 B, realised by the persons and bodies mentioned in 2 of I when disposing of the property or rights mentioned in 3 are subject to a levy at the rates set out in III bis.
This provision does not apply to disposals of real estate made by natural or legal persons or bodies mentioned in the first paragraph, which operate an industrial, commercial or agricultural business in France or carry on a non-commercial profession in France for which the real estate is used. The buildings must be entered, depending on the case, in the balance sheet or fixed assets table drawn up to determine the taxable income of this business or profession.
International organisations, foreign States, central banks and the public financial institutions of these States are exempt from this levy under the conditions set out in Article 131 sexies.
The first paragraph of this 1 does not apply to the transfer of the property which was the main residence in France of the transferor on the date of the transfer of his tax residence outside France to a Member State of the European Union or to a State or territory which has concluded an administrative assistance agreement with France with a view to combating tax fraud. administrative assistance agreement with France to combat tax fraud and tax evasion and a mutual assistance agreement on recovery of taxes with a scope similar to that provided for in Council Directive 2010/24/EU of 16 March 2010 on mutual assistance for the recovery of claims relating to taxes, taxes, duties and other measures and which is not an uncooperative State or territory within the meaning of Article 238-0 A. This exemption applies on the twofold condition that the sale takes place no later than 31 December of the year following the year in which the seller transfers his tax residence outside France and that the property has not been made available to third parties, whether free of charge or against payment, between this transfer and the sale. This exemption also applies to the sale of the immediate and necessary outbuildings of this building, provided that their sale occurs simultaneously with that of the building.
A taxpayer may not benefit from the exemption provided for in the penultimate paragraph of this 1 if he has already benefited from the exemption in respect of the sale of a dwelling provided for in 2° of II of article 150 U.
2. The following are subject to the levy referred to in 1:
a) Individuals who are not domiciled in France for tax purposes within the meaning of article 4 B;
b) Legal entities or organisations, whatever their form, whose registered office is located outside France;
c) Companies or groupings that come under the articles 8 to 8 ter whose registered office is located in France, in proportion to the corporate rights held by members who are not domiciled in France or whose registered office is located outside France ;
d) The real estate investment funds mentioned in Article 239 nonies, in proportion to the units held by holders who are not domiciled in France or whose registered office is located outside France.
3. The levy referred to in 1 applies to capital gains resulting from the disposal:
a) Of real estate or rights relating to such real estate;
b) Of units in real estate investment funds referred to in article 239 nonies;
c) Of shares in listed real estate investment companies referred to in article 208 C, where the transferor directly or indirectly holds at least 10% of the capital of the company whose shares are transferred;
d) Shares in open-ended investment companies with a preponderance of real estate capital referred to in 3° nonies of l’article 208, where the transferor directly or indirectly holds at least 10% of the capital of the company whose shares are being transferred;
e) Shares or rights in bodies governed by foreign law that have an equivalent purpose and are similar in form to the funds mentioned in b ;
f) Units, shares or other rights in undertakings, whatever their form, with similar characteristics, or subject to equivalent regulation, to those of the companies mentioned in c and d, whose registered office is located outside France, where the transferor directly or indirectly holds at least 10% of the capital of the undertaking whose units, shares or other rights are being transferred;
g) Units or shares in companies listed on a French or foreign market, other than those mentioned in c and f, whose assets at the end of the three financial years preceding the transfer mainly consist directly or indirectly of the assets and rights mentioned in 3, where the transferor directly or indirectly holds at least 10% of the capital of the company whose units or shares are being transferred. If the company whose units or shares are being sold has not yet closed its third financial year, the composition of the assets is assessed at the close of the only financial year(s) closed or, failing that, at the date of the sale ;
h) Units, shares or other rights in undertakings, other than those mentioned in b to f, whatever their form, not listed on a French or foreign market, whose assets, at the close of the three financial years preceding the transfer, consist mainly, directly or indirectly, of the assets or rights mentioned in 3. If the organisation whose units, shares or rights are being sold has not yet closed its third financial year, the composition of the assets is assessed at the end of the only financial year(s) closed or, failing that, at the date of the sale.
II. – Where the levy referred to in I is payable by taxpayers liable for income tax, capital gains are determined in accordance with the procedures defined:
1° In I and in 2° to 9° of II of article 150 U, in II and III of l’article 150 UB and to articles 150 V to 150 VD.
A taxpayer may not, however, benefit from the exemption provided for in 2° of II of article 150 U if he has already benefited from the exemption provided for in the penultimate paragraph of 1 of I of this article ;
2° In III of Article 150 U when they apply to nationals of a Member State of the European Union or another State party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area that has concluded an administrative assistance agreement with France with a view to combating tax fraud and evasion.
When the capital gain is exempt pursuant to the penultimate paragraph of 1 of I of this article or 6° of II of article 150 U or by applying the allowance provided for in I of article 150 VC, no return need be filed, except where the levy relating to the deferred capital gain is due. The deed of transfer subject to the merged formality or presented for registration shall specify, on pain of refusal of the filing or registration formality, the nature and basis of this exemption or this absence of taxation;
3° A article 150 UC, 6 ter of article 39 duodecies or f of 1° of II of article 239 nonies when the capital gains are realised, directly or indirectly, by a real estate investment trust or by its unitholders subject to income tax.
III. – When the levy referred to in I is payable by a legal entity subject to corporation tax, the capital gains are determined by the difference between, on the one hand, the sale price of the property and, on the other hand, its acquisition price, reduced for built-up property by a sum equal to 2% of its amount per full year of ownership.
By way of derogation from IIIa and the first paragraph of this III, the levy payable by legal entities resident in a Member State of the European Union or another State party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area that has concluded an administrative assistance agreement with France to combat tax evasion and avoidance and is not non-cooperative within the meaning of Article 238-0 A is determined in accordance with the rules governing the basis and rate of assessment for corporation tax under the same conditions as those applicable on the date of transfer to legal entities resident in France.
III bis. – 1. Capital gains realised by the persons and organisations mentioned in 2 of I on the disposal of the assets or rights mentioned in 3 of the same I are subject to the levy at the rate provided for in the second paragraph of I of article 219.
However, natural persons, natural persons who are members of companies, groupings or organisations whose profits are taxed in the name of the members and natural persons who are unit holders in real estate investment funds referred to in Article 239 nonies are subject to the levy at the rate of 19%.
2. [Provisions declared to be unconstitutional by Constitutional Council decision no. 2014-708 DC of 29 December 2014].
IV. – The tax due pursuant to this article shall be paid when the deed is registered or, in the absence of registration, within one month of the transfer, under the responsibility of a representative established in France, accredited by the tax authorities.
Only the person who meets the following conditions may be accredited:
1° Neither it nor any of its directors, in the case of a legal entity, has committed serious or repeated breaches of tax provisions, has been subject to the sanctions provided for in Articles L. 651-2, L. 653-2 and L. 653-8 of the French Commercial Code during the previous three years, or is subject to a prohibition measure currently being implemented as provided for in the same Article L. 653-8;
2° It complies with the tax reporting and payment obligations incumbent upon it on behalf of the persons it represents or on its own behalf;
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3° It has guarantees to ensure compliance with the obligations arising from its status as a representative.
Failure to comply with any of these conditions will result in the withdrawal of accreditation.
A decree in the Council of State shall specify the conditions for accreditation and lay down the procedures for granting and withdrawing it.
IV bis.-By way of derogation from IV:
1° The tax due in respect of disposals made by a real estate investment trust is paid on behalf of unitholders to the corporate tax department of the location of the registered office of the custodian of the real estate investment trust and by the latter, within ten days of the date of payment mentioned in Article L. 214-82 of the Monetary and Financial Code of the capital gains distributed to unitholders relating to these disposals;
2° The tax due in respect of disposals of units made by a unitholder of real estate investment funds is paid on behalf of this unitholder to the corporate tax department of the location of the registered office of the paying institution and by the latter, within one month of the disposal.
The obligation to appoint a tax representative does not apply when the transferor is domiciled, established or incorporated in a Member State of the European Union or in another State party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area that has entered into an administrative assistance agreement with France to combat tax fraud and tax evasion, as well as an agreement on mutual assistance in tax collection. Where the transferor is a company or grouping mentioned in c of 2 of I, or a company or grouping whose tax regime is equivalent and whose registered office is located in one of the States mentioned in the first sentence of this paragraph, the obligation to appoint a tax representative is assessed with regard to the situation of each of the partners.
V. – The levy referred to in I is in full discharge of the income tax due in respect of the sums which have borne it.
It is deducted, where applicable, from the amount of corporation tax due by the taxpayer in respect of this capital gain for the year in which it was realised. If it exceeds the tax due, the excess is refunded to legal entities resident in a State of the European Union or a State or territory that has entered into a tax treaty with France that contains an administrative assistance clause relating to the exchange of information and the fight against tax fraud and evasion and that is not non-cooperative within the meaning of Article 238-0 A.