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Article 427 of the French Code of Criminal Procedure

Except where the law provides otherwise, offences may be established by any method of proof and the judge shall decide on the basis of his or her own personal conviction.

The judge may base his or her decision only on evidence brought before him or her in the course of the proceedings and adversely discussed before him or her.

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Original in French 🇫🇷
Article 427

Hors les cas où la loi en dispose autrement, les infractions peuvent être établies par tout mode de preuve et le juge décide d’après son intime conviction.

Le juge ne peut fonder sa décision que sur des preuves qui lui sont apportées au cours des débats et contradictoirement discutées devant lui.

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