I. – Taxpayers who, between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2023, create activities in the zones franches urbaines-territoires entrepreneurs defined in the B du 3 de l’article 42 de la loi n° 95-115 of 4 February 1995 on regional planning and development are exempt from income tax or corporation tax on profits from activities located in the zone until the end of the fifty-ninth month following the month in which they began their activity in one of these zones. These profits are subject to income tax or corporation tax for 40%, 60% or 80% of their amount depending on whether they are made respectively during the first, second or third twelve-month period following this exemption period.
In the local authorities of Guadeloupe, Guyana, Martinique, La Réunion and Mayotte, the provisions of the first paragraph of this I only apply to activities created in these zones until 31 December 2018.
To qualify for the exemption, the business must cumulatively meet the following conditions:
a) It must employ fewer than fifty employees and either have achieved a turnover not exceeding €10 million during the financial year, or have a balance sheet total not exceeding €10 million ;
b) Its capital or voting rights must not be held, directly or indirectly, to the extent of 25% or more by a company or jointly by several companies with more than two hundred and fifty employees and with an annual turnover excluding tax of more than 50 million euros or an annual balance sheet total of more than 43 million euros. For the purposes of determining this percentage, holdings in venture capital companies, venture capital mutual funds, specialised professional funds covered by article L. 214-37 of the Monetary and Financial Code as it stood prior to the ordonnance n° 2013-676 du 25 juillet 2013 modifiant le cadre juridique de la gestion d’actifs, des fonds professionnels de capital investissement, des sociétés de libre partenariat, des sociétés de développement régional, sociétés financières d’innovation and sociétés unipersonnelles d’investissement à risque are not taken into account provided that there is no arm’s length relationship within the meaning of Article 39(12) between the company in question and the latter companies or funds ;
c) Its principal activity, defined according to the French nomenclature of activities of the Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, must not fall within the sectors of car manufacturing, shipbuilding, the manufacture of artificial or synthetic textile fibres, the steel industry or road haulage ;
d) Its activity must be an industrial, commercial or craft activity within the meaning of Article 34 and 5° of I of Article 35 or a non-commercial professional activity within the meaning of 1 of Article 92. However, equipment leasing and the letting of residential property are excluded.
For the purposes of a and b, turnover must be reduced or extended, as appropriate, to twelve months. The company’s workforce is assessed, for each financial year, in accordance with the procedures set out in I of Article L. 130-1 of the Social Security Code. When a company already benefiting from the exemption mentioned in the first paragraph of this I notes that its workforce has crossed a threshold determined in accordance with the procedures set out in II of article L. 130-1 of the Social Security Code, this circumstance causes it to lose the benefit of this exemption. For the parent company of a group mentioned in Article 223 A or Article 223 A bis of this code, turnover is assessed by adding together the turnover of each of the companies that are members of this group.
If the exemption follows the transfer, takeover, concentration or restructuring of pre-existing activities and if these benefit from the provisions of this article or have benefited from these same provisions or those of article 44 octies, as it stood prior to Finance Act no. 2021-1900 of 30 December 2021 for 2022, the exemption provided for in this article shall apply under the conditions set out in the first paragraph by deducting from the period it sets the exemption period already elapsed under these articles prior to the transfer, takeover, merger or restructuring. If the business is set up by a taxpayer who, for one or more of the five years preceding that of the transfer, benefited from the provisions of Articles 44 sexies, 44 quindecies, 44 sexdecies or 44 septdecies, or the regional development premium, the exemption does not apply.
When the non-sedentary activity of a taxpayer is located in an urban free zone-entrepreneurial territory but is carried out in whole or in part outside such a zone, the exemption applies if this taxpayer employs at least one full-time or equivalent sedentary employee, carrying out his duties in the premises allocated to the activity, or if this taxpayer achieves at least 25% of his turnover from customers located in urban free zones-entrepreneurial territories.
II. – The exemption applies to the profit for a tax year, declared in accordance with the procedures set out in articles 50-0,53 A, 96 à 100,102 terand 103, less the following gross proceeds, which remain taxable under the conditions of ordinary law:
a) Income from shares or units in companies, results of companies or bodies subject to the regime provided for in Article 8, when they do not derive from an activity carried out in one of the zones franches urbaines-territoires entrepreneurs, and results of the sale of securities in these companies;
b) Income corresponding to subsidies, gifts and debt waivers;
c) Income from receivables and financial transactions for the amount that exceeds the amount of financial expenses incurred during the same financial year or the same tax year, if the taxpayer is not a credit institution or finance company referred to in Article L. 511-1 of the Monetary and Financial Code ;
d) Income from industrial and commercial property rights, where these rights do not originate in the activity carried out in one of the urban free zones-entrepreneurial territories.
When the taxpayer does not carry out all of its activity in the zones franches urbaines-territoires entrepreneurs, the profits made are subject to income tax or corporation tax, under the conditions of ordinary law, in proportion to the amount, excluding tax, of the turnover or revenue made outside these zones.
By way of exception to the provisions of the sixth paragraph, a taxpayer carrying on a property rental business is only exempted in respect of profits from properties located in a zone franche urbaine-territoire entrepreneur. This provision applies regardless of where the lessor is established.
The exempted profit may not exceed €50,000 per taxpayer and per twelve-month period, increased by €5,000 per new employee hired from 1st January 2015 who is domiciled in a priority urban policy district or in a zone franche urbaine-territoire entrepreneur and employed full-time for a period of at least six months. This condition is assessed at the close of the financial year or tax period in respect of which the exemption applies.
For taxpayers who create or set up activities in an urban free zone-entrepreneurial territory from 1 January 2015, the benefit of the exemption is subject to the condition that, on the closing date of the financial year or tax period in respect of which the exemption applies:
1° The number of employees whose employment contract is for an indefinite period or has been concluded for a fixed term of at least twelve months and who reside in one of the urban free zones-entrepreneurial territories or in one of the priority neighbourhoods of the city policy of the urban unit in which the urban free zone-entrepreneurial territory is located is equal to at least half of the total number of employees employed under the same conditions. Employees employed on a part-time basis are taken into account on a pro-rata basis according to the working hours stipulated in their contract;
2° Or the number of employees hired as from the creation or establishment of the company and fulfilling the conditions described in 1° is equal to at least half of the total number of employees hired under the same conditions, during the same period.
For taxpayers setting up business in an urban free zone-entrepreneurial territory from 1 January 2016, the benefit of the exemption is subject to the existence, on 1 January of the year in which the business is set up, of the city contract provided for in the article 6 of Law no. 2014-173 of 21 February 2014 programming for the city and urban cohesion.
For taxpayers who carry out activities before 1 January 2006 in the zones franches urbaines-territoires entrepreneurs defined in the second paragraph of B of 3 of article 42 of the aforementioned law no. 95-115 of 4 February 1995, as well as for those who, from 1 January 2012, create activities in the zones franches urbaines-territoires entrepreneurs defined in the same B, the benefit of the exemption is subject to compliance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 1407/2013 of 18 December 2013 on the application of Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to de minimis aid.
III. – Where the taxpayer referred to in I is a company that is a member of a tax group referred to in Article 223 A or in Article 223 A bis, the exempted profit is that of this company determined under the conditions provided for in II of this article and in 4 of article 223 I.
For all the companies in the same group, the amount of the exemption granted may not exceed the total amount calculated in accordance with the provisions of the eighth paragraph of II, within the limit of the group’s overall profit.
When meeting the conditions required to benefit from the provisions of one of the schemes provided for in articles 44 sexies, 44 quindecies, 44 sexdecies and 44 septdecies and the scheme provided for in this article, the taxpayer may opt for the latter scheme within six months of the publication of the decree by the Conseil d’Etat delimiting the zone in accordance with article 42 of the aforementioned law no. 95-115 of 4 February 1995, if he/she is already doing business there or, if not, within six months of starting his/her business. The option is irrevocable.
IV. – The reporting obligations of the persons and organisations to which the exemption applies are laid down by decree.