The professional practice standards relating to the justification of assessments in the statutory auditor’s reports on the annual and consolidated financial statements, approved by the Minister of Justice, are set out below:
NEP-701.-JUSTIFICATION OF ASSESSMENTS IN THE STATUTORY AUDITOR’S REPORTS ON THE ANNUAL AND CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF PUBLIC INTEREST ENTITIES
Introduction
1. Pursuant to the provisions of Article L. 823-9 of the French Commercial Code, the statutory auditor must justify his assessments for all persons or entities whose annual or consolidated financial statements are subject to certification prepared in accordance with the same article.
2. The justification of assessments must enable the addressee of the report to better understand the opinion issued by the statutory auditor on the financial statements.
3. The purpose of this standard is to define the principles and specify their application in relation to the legal requirement for the statutory auditor to justify his assessments in his report on the annual financial statements and in his report on the consolidated financial statements of public interest entities.
Concept of justification of assessments in reports on the financial statements of public interest entities
4. Where the assurance engagement relates to the accounts of a public interest entity, the justification of assessments consists of a description of the most significant risks of material misstatement, including where due to fraud, and an indication of the responses made to address those risks.
5. These risks of material misstatement are those which, in the professional judgement of the statutory auditor, were the most significant for the audit of the annual or consolidated accounts for the financial year and form part of the information communicated to the specialised committee referred to in Article L. 823-19-I of the French Commercial Code or to the body performing its functions.
These most significant risks of material misstatement are referred to in this standard as key audit matters.
6. The disclosure of key audit matters in the report on the financial statements is set in the context of the auditor’s opinion on the financial statements taken as a whole. The wording used must not lead to the expression of an opinion on elements of the accounts taken in isolation.
7. Communication of the key points of the audit is not a substitute for the need:
– to express a qualified opinion, a refusal to certify or an inability to certify, or;
– to insert a section relating to significant uncertainties associated with events or circumstances likely to call into question the going concern basis, or;
– to make an observation where this is mandatory.
8. The communication of the key points of the audit should not lead the statutory auditor to be a dispenser of information, the dissemination of which is the responsibility of management.
Determination of the key points of the audit
9. The statutory auditor shall select, from among the items communicated to the specialised committee referred to in Article L. 823-19-I of the Commercial Code or to the body performing its functions, those that required particular attention on its part during the audit. For the purposes of this selection, the statutory auditor takes the following elements into consideration:
– the areas that it considers to present high risks of material misstatement or high inherent risks requiring a particular audit approach. These risks have been identified in accordance with the standard on understanding the entity and its environment and assessing the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements;
– the assessments he has made of elements of the financial statements that required significant management judgements, such as accounting estimates with a high degree of uncertainty;
– the impact on the audit of significant transactions or events that occurred during the year.
10. From the items thus selected, the statutory auditor chooses those which he considers to have been the most important for the audit of the accounts for the financial year and which therefore constitute the key points of the audit.
11. By way of example, the statutory auditor may consider it relevant to consider:
– the content and extent of exchanges with the specialised committee referred to in Article L. 823-19-I of the French Commercial Code or to the body performing its functions;
– the importance of the items for understanding the financial statements as a whole and in particular their materiality in relation to the annual or consolidated financial statements;
– the complexity or subjectivity involved in management’s choice of an accounting method, particularly in comparison with other entities in the same sector ;
– the nature and extent of the audit effort undertaken in response to the risks of material misstatement, including the need for specific skills and expert consultation;
– the nature and extent of difficulties encountered in applying audit procedures, in evaluating their results and in obtaining sufficient appropriate evidence to conclude;
– the significance of identified internal control weaknesses.
Formulation of the key points of the audit
12. The key points of the audit appear in the separate part of the report relating to the justification of the auditor’s assessments.
13. The statutory auditor formulates the key points of the audit by explicit reference to the provisions of Articles L. 823-9 and R. 823-7 of the French Commercial Code and in a manner appropriate to the circumstances of each case.
14. In the introduction to this separate section, the statutory auditor states:
– that the key points of the audit are the risks of material misstatement which, in his professional judgement, were the most important for the audit of the financial statements for the financial year;
– that these key points of the audit are part of the context of the audit of the financial statements, taken as a whole, and of the formation of the opinion expressed on these financial statements;
– that no opinion is expressed on elements of the financial statements taken in isolation.
Description of each of the key points of the audit
15. This wording should be clear and include for each key audit matter:
– an appropriate sub-heading;
– the reasons why the risk of material misstatement is considered to be one of the most significant in the audit and is therefore a key audit matter;
– a summary of the auditor’s responses to address that risk.
Where relevant to the description made, the statutory auditor refers to the information provided in the annual financial statements or, where applicable, the consolidated financial statements.
Circumstances in which a risk of material misstatement considered to be a key audit matter is not disclosed in the report
16. The statutory auditor shall describe each of the key audit matters unless precluded by law or regulation.
The relationship between key audit matters and observations
17. Where the statutory auditor determines that a risk of material misstatement is a key audit matter, that matter is not included in the observations section of the report except where required by law or regulation.
Linkage between key audit matters and material uncertainties related to events or circumstances that may cast significant doubt on the going concern basis
18. When the statutory auditor includes in his report a separate section relating to significant uncertainties associated with events or circumstances that may call into question the going concern, he does not describe these uncertainties in the section of the report relating to the key points of the audit.
In the latter, he refers to the section of the report relating to these uncertainties.
Precisions concerning qualified certification and refusal to certify
19. An item giving rise to a qualified certification or a refusal to certify is, by its very nature, a key point of the audit.
In this case, the statutory auditor does not describe this item in the part of the report relating to the key points of the audit. In the latter, he refers to the part of the report relating to the basis of the opinion.
A qualified certification does not exempt the statutory auditor, in the part of the report relating to the key points of the audit, from describing the other key points of the audit that he has, where applicable, retained as a result of his analysis.
In the event of a refusal to certify, the statutory auditor may, in the part of the report relating to the key points of the audit, describe the other key points of the audit that it has, where applicable, retained as a result of its analysis.
Clarifications concerning the impossibility of certifying
20. An item that gives rise to an inability to certify is, by its very nature, a key point of the audit.
In this case, the statutory auditor does not describe this item in the section of the report relating to the key points of the audit. In that part, he refers to the part of the report relating to the basis of the opinion.
The statutory auditor does not formulate any other key points of the audit. The statutory auditor states in the key audit matters section of the report that no further key audit matters need to be formulated in view of the impossibility of certification.
Format and content of the key audit matters section of the report in certain circumstances
21. Where the auditor determines, based on the facts and circumstances of the entity and the audit, that there are no key audit matters to be described or that the only key audit matters are those described in paragraphs 18 to 20, the auditor shall state this in the key audit matters section of the report.
Communication with the bodies referred to in Article L. 823-16 of the French Commercial Code
22. The statutory auditor shall communicate to the bodies referred to in Article L. 823-16 of the French Commercial Code the risks of material misstatement that he considers to be key points of the audit.
Where applicable, he shall bring to their attention the fact that, in his professional judgement, there are no key points of the audit to be described in his report.
Documentation
23. The statutory auditor shall document the following:
– the matters which required his special attention during the audit and determined in accordance with the principles set out in paragraph 9 and his reasoning for qualifying, or not qualifying, each of these matters as a key audit matter in accordance with the principles set out in paragraph 10 ;
– where appropriate, the analysis which led it to determine that there are no key audit matters to be described in its report or that the only key audit matters to be disclosed are those referred to in paragraphs 18 to 20;
– where appropriate, the reasons why the statutory auditor has not disclosed a key audit matter in its report in accordance with paragraph 16.
NEP-702.-JUSTIFICATION OF THE ASSESSMENTS IN THE AUDITOR’S REPORTS ON THE ANNUAL AND CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS OF PERSONS AND ENTITIES WHICH ARE NOT PUBLIC INTEREST ENTITIES
Introduction
1. Pursuant to the provisions of Article L. 823-9 of the French Commercial Code, the statutory auditor must justify his assessments for all persons or entities whose annual or consolidated financial statements are the subject of a certification drawn up in accordance with the same article.
2. The justification of assessments must enable the addressee of the report to better understand the opinion issued by the statutory auditor on the financial statements.
3. The purpose of this standard is to define the principles and specify how they are to be applied with regard to the statutory requirement for auditors to justify their assessments in their report on the annual financial statements and in their report on the consolidated financial statements of persons and entities that are not public interest entities.
Concept of justification of assessments in reports on the financial statements of persons and entities that are not public interest entities
4. When the assurance engagement relates to the accounts of a person or entity that is not a public interest entity, the justification of assessments consists of an explanation of those assessments and, in so doing, a statement of the reasons for the opinion issued.
5. These assessments are those which, in the auditor’s professional judgement and in the light of the due diligence performed throughout the engagement, appeared to him to be the most important.
6. The disclosure of assessments in the report on the financial statements should be seen in the context of the auditor’s opinion on the financial statements taken as a whole. The wording used must not lead to the expression of an opinion on elements of the accounts taken in isolation.
7. The communication of assessments shall not replace the need:
– to express a qualified opinion, a refusal to certify or an inability to certify, or;
– to insert a section relating to significant uncertainties associated with events or circumstances that may call into question the going concern basis, or;
– to make an observation where this is mandatory.
8. The communication of assessments should not lead the statutory auditor to be a dispenser of information, the dissemination of which is the responsibility of management.
Appreciations likely to be subject to justification
9. Without prejudice to any other assessments that the statutory auditor may deem necessary to justify in order to meet the obligation laid down by law, the assessments that are subject to justification generally relate to elements that are decisive for an understanding of the financial statements. This includes, in particular, assessments relating to:
– the options selected in the choice of accounting methods or in the methods of their implementation when they have a major impact on the results, the financial position or the overall presentation of the entity’s financial statements;
– significant accounting estimates, in particular those lacking objective data and involving professional judgement in their assessment;
– the overall presentation of the annual and consolidated financial statements, whether in terms of the content of the notes or the presentation of the summary statements.
The statutory auditor may also consider it necessary to justify assessments of the internal control procedures used to prepare the financial statements, which he is required to assess as part of his audit approach.
Formulation of assessments
10. The assessments appear in the separate part of the report relating to the justification of the auditor’s assessments.
11. The statutory auditor formulates his assessments by explicit reference to the provisions of Articles L. 823-9 and R. 823-7 of the French Commercial Code and in a manner appropriate to the circumstances of each case.
12. In the introduction to this separate part, the statutory auditor states:
– that the assessments are those which, in his professional judgement, were the most important for the audit of the financial statements for the year;
– that the assessments are made in the context of the audit of the financial statements taken as a whole and the formation of the opinion expressed on those financial statements;
– that no opinion is expressed on elements of the financial statements taken in isolation.
Formulation of each of the assessments
13. This formulation must be clear and include, for each assessment:
– a description of the subject and a reference, if possible, to the information provided in the annual accounts or, where applicable, in the consolidated accounts;
– a summary of the due diligence performed by the statutory auditor as a basis for its assessment.
Circumstances in which an assessment is not disclosed in the report
14. The statutory auditor shall explain his assessments in all circumstances except where legal and regulatory texts prevent disclosure.
Circumstances in which the formulation of assessments may be less developed
15. The formulation of assessments may possibly be less developed in cases where:
– the accounting principles adopted by the entity or group do not give rise to several possible interpretations or options, including in their application methods, with regard to the significant items of the balance sheet and income statement ;
– there are no events or decisions that occurred during the financial year whose impact on the accounts or on a reader’s understanding of them appeared significant to the statutory auditor;
– no significant item in the accounts is constituted using estimates based on subjective data.
Link between assessments and observations
16. Where the statutory auditor determines that an item concerning the accounts requires justification of the assessments, that item is not mentioned in the part of the report relating to observations, except in cases where legal and regulatory provisions so provide.
Link between assessments and material uncertainties relating to events or circumstances that may call into question the going concern status
17. When the statutory auditor includes in his report a separate section relating to material uncertainties associated with events or circumstances that may call into question the going concern status, he does not describe these uncertainties in the section relating to the justification of assessments.
In the latter, he refers to the section of the report relating to these uncertainties.
Clarification concerning qualified certification and refusal to certify
18. The statement of the reasons for a qualified certification or a refusal to certify constitutes, by its nature, a justification of assessments.
In this case, the statutory auditor does not set out his reasons in the part of the report relating to the justification of assessments. In the latter, he refers to the part of the report relating to the basis for the opinion.
A qualified certification does not exempt the statutory auditor, in the part of the report relating to the justification of the assessments, from explaining, where appropriate, his assessments on items other than those that gave rise to the qualification.
In the event of a refusal to certify, the statutory auditor may, where appropriate, in the part of the report relating to the justification of assessments, explain his assessments on factors other than those that gave rise to the refusal.
Clarification concerning the inability to certify
19. The statement of reasons leading to an inability to certify constitutes, by its nature, a justification of assessments.
In this case, the statutory auditor does not set out his reasons in the part of the report relating to the justification of assessments. In this part, he refers to the part of the report relating to the basis for the opinion.
The statutory auditor does not explain his assessments of factors other than those that led to the inability to certify. In the part of the report relating to the justification of the assessments, the statutory auditor states that there is no need to explain other assessments in view of the impossibility of certifying.