The professional practice standard relating to the limited review of interim accounts in application of legal or regulatory provisions, approved by the Minister of Justice, is set out below:
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NEP-2410 Limited review of interim financial statements in application of legal or regulatory provisions
Introduction
01. The statutory auditor of an entity may be required by law or regulation to carry out a limited review of interim financial statements, which may be condensed financial statements presented, where appropriate, in consolidated form.
02. The purpose of this standard is to define the principles to be applied by the statutory auditor when carrying out a limited review of interim financial statements.
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03. It also defines the principles relating to the preparation of the statutory auditor’s limited review report.
Respect for texts and critical thinking
04. The statutory auditor shall carry out the limited review of the interim financial statements in accordance with the legal and regulatory texts and this professional practice standard.
05. The statutory auditor complies with the provisions of the profession’s code of ethics.
06. Throughout his work, the statutory auditor:
-shall be critical and take into account the fact that certain situations may lead to material misstatements in the accounts;
-exercises professional judgment, in particular in deciding on the nature, timing and extent of the limited review procedures to be performed and in reaching conclusions based on the evidence gathered;
Nature of the assurance
07. When conducting a limited review of interim financial statements, the statutory auditor shall perform less extensive procedures than those required for an audit of financial statements conducted for the purpose of certification.
08. A limited review of interim financial statements consists essentially of discussions with management and analytical procedures.
09. The auditor obtains less assurance than that obtained in an audit of the financial statements carried out for certification purposes, that the interim financial statements are free from material misstatement.
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10. This assurance, qualified as moderate assurance, enables the auditor to form a conclusion that the interim financial statements, taken as a whole, are free from material misstatement.
Material Misstatements and Thresholds
Material misstatements and materiality thresholds
11. In determining materiality and assessing the effect of detected misstatements on the auditor’s conclusion, the auditor shall apply the principles set out in the professional practice standard on material misstatements and materiality applicable to the audit of financial statements for the purpose of certification.
Work to be performed by the statutory auditor – Engagement letter
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12. The statutory auditor shall define the terms and conditions of the limited review in the engagement letter drawn up in accordance with the principles defined in the professional practice standard relating to engagement letters.
Obtaining an understanding of the entity and its environment, including its internal control, and assessing the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements
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13. The statutory auditor shall obtain a sufficient understanding of the entity and its environment, including its internal control, to identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the interim financial statements and to design and perform procedures to enable the statutory auditor to form a conclusion on the interim financial statements.
14. When, in the course of the audit of the prior year’s financial statements or the limited review of the prior interim financial statements, the statutory auditor has gathered information relating to the understanding of the entity and its environment and the assessment of the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements, the statutory auditor shall follow up on the risk factors identified during these audits.
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15. In order to do this, the statutory auditor:
-includes the following identified items in his file for the previous financial year:
-material weaknesses in internal control;
-high inherent risks requiring a specific approach;
-material misstatements that have been corrected
-material misstatements, whether or not they have been corrected;
-asks management about any changes that have occurred since the previous period that are likely to affect the relevance of the information gathered. This includes, in particular, changes in internal control procedures, in the nature of the entity’s activities, in the choice of accounting methods applied or any other event that it considers likely to have a material impact on the entity’s business or on the preparation of the interim financial statements.
16. When the statutory auditor is acting in respect of the first year of its mandate and has not previously carried out an audit of the entity’s accounts:
-he acquaints himself with the entity and its environment based on a review of the files of his predecessor or, where applicable, the statutory auditor. The auditor pays particular attention to:
-the factors identified by the predecessor
the factors identified by the predecessor or, where applicable, by the statutory auditor as likely to give rise to material misstatements in the accounts;
-and their assessment of the risk of material misstatement of the accounts
-and to their assessment of the risk of material misstatement made for the purposes of these controls;
-and their assessment of the risks of material misstatement carried out for the purposes of these controls;
-inquiring management about any changes that have occurred since the previous period that are likely to affect the relevance of the information gathered.
Interview with management
17. The statutory auditor shall discuss, principally with the members of management responsible for financial and accounting matters, the following:
-their assessment of the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements as a result of fraud;
-the development of the procedures put in place to identify the risks of fraud in the entity and to respond to them;
their knowledge, if any, of actual, suspected or merely alleged fraud involving the entity;
– changes in the procedures designed and implemented to identify and respond to the risks of fraud in the entity;
changes in the procedures designed and implemented within the entity to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory texts;
– anomalies identified by the auditor in the course of his or her work
-the misstatements identified by the statutory auditor that it considers to be material and therefore requiring correction, and the misstatements that it considers not to be material;
the occurrence, up to a date as close as possible to the date of signature of its limited review report, of events subsequent to the end of the period as defined in the professional practice standard applicable to the audit of accounts carried out for the purposes of certification;
-accounting changes as defined in the professional practice standard applicable to the audit of accounts carried out for the purposes of certification
accounting changes as defined in the professional accounting standard applicable to the audit of the accounts carried out for the purposes of certification, which occurred during the period under review;
– non-routine transactions, due to the fact that the accounts were not audited at the end of the period under review.
non-routine transactions, due to their size or nature, or complex transactions carried out during the period under review;
– assumptions used in preparing the financial statements
the assumptions used in making the accounting estimates, management’s intentions and the entity’s ability to carry out the planned actions;
– the accounting treatment of transactions with subsidiaries and affiliates
the accounting treatment of transactions with related parties;
-facts or events likely to affect the financial statements
the facts or events likely to call into question the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, and, where appropriate, the action plans it has defined for the future of the entity;
-any other factor it considers relevant to the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern
-any other matter that it considers useful as a basis for its conclusion on the interim financial statements.
Analytical procedures
18. As part of the limited review, the statutory auditor shall perform analytical procedures in accordance with the principles set out in the professional standard on analytical procedures applicable to the audit of financial statements for the purpose of issuing an opinion.
Other limited review procedures
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19. The statutory auditor reconciles the interim financial statements with the accounting documents from which they are derived.
20. Where the statutory auditor identifies factors that may call into question the company’s ability to continue as a going concern:
-he takes note, if it exists, of management’s assessment of the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and assesses its relevance. If management has not formalised this assessment, the statutory auditor shall enquire of it as to the reasons which led it to prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis;
-and shall assess, where appropriate, the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.
-and assess, where appropriate, the appropriateness of the information provided in this respect in the notes to the financial statements.
21. The statutory auditor shall consult the minutes or records of the meetings held by the deliberative body and by the bodies referred to in article L. 823-16 of the French Commercial Code in order to identify any deliberations or decisions that may have an impact on the accounts.
22. It may also consider it useful to implement other procedures such as inspections of records or documents or checks on calculations.
Declarations by the legal representative
23. The statutory auditor shall apply the principles of the professional practice standard on management representations applicable to the audit of financial statements performed for the purpose of certification.
24. Independently of any other written declarations that the statutory auditor may consider necessary, the statutory auditor shall request written declarations from the legal representative in which:
-he declares that controls intended to prevent and detect errors and fraud have been designed and implemented in the entity;
he declares that he has reported to him all proven fraud of which he is aware or which he suspects, where the fraud is likely to result in material misstatement of the financial statements;
-he considers that any undetected misstatement of the financial statements is likely to result in material misstatement of the financial statements
-it considers that the uncorrected misstatements identified by the statutory auditor are not material, either individually or in the aggregate, to the accounts taken as a whole. A statement of these uncorrected anomalies is attached to this written declaration. In addition, when the legal representative responsible for the accounts considers that certain items reported on this statement do not constitute misstatements, he shall mention this in his statement;
-he confirms that he has communicated to the statutory auditor his assessment of these misstatements.
he confirms that he has provided him with his assessment of the risk that the financial statements may contain material misstatements resulting from fraud;
– he declares that, to the best of his ability, he has taken all reasonable care to ensure that the financial statements are free from material misstatement.
-he declares that, to the best of his knowledge, he has applied the legal and regulatory texts;
-he declares that to date he is not aware of any event occurring since the period-end date that would require accounting treatment.
Communication
25. The statutory auditor shall make the disclosures provided for in the professional standards applicable to the audit of financial statements for the purpose of certification.
Form of the statutory auditor’s limited review report
26. The statutory auditor shall draw up a report which shall include the following information:
a) A heading indicating that the statutory auditor has carried out a limited review of the financial statements.
a) A title indicating that the report is an auditor’s report;
> b) An indication of the name of the auditor and the name of the auditor’s firm
b) An indication of the body for which the report is intended;
c) An introduction specifying:
-the origin of the auditor’s appointment;
-the nature of the interim, individual or consolidated accounts, where appropriate condensed, which are the subject of the report and are attached to it;
the entity whose accounts are the subject of a limited review;
– the period to which they relate
-the period to which they relate;
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-and the respective roles of the entity’s competent body for preparing the interim financial statements and the statutory auditor;
d) A paragraph describing the procedures performed by the statutory auditor as part of its limited review;
e) The wording of the statutory auditor’s conclusion;
f) The date of the report;
> g) Where applicable, the signature of the auditor.
g) Where applicable, the company signature of the statutory auditor;
h) The signature of the statutory auditor;
i) The date of the report
h) The signature of the individual statutory auditor or, where applicable, that of the statutory auditor(s) who is/are a partner, shareholder or director of the statutory auditor’s firm who participated in the preparation of the report;
Conclusions drawn by the statutory auditor
27. When the limited review of interim financial statements relates to complete financial statements, presented in consolidated form where applicable, the statutory auditor shall express an opinion on the regularity, fairness and true and fair view of the financial statements.
28. Where the limited review of interim financial statements relates to condensed financial statements, where applicable presented in consolidated form, the statutory auditor shall express an opinion on the conformity of the financial statements with the principles applicable to them, as defined in the accounting standards.
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29. The statutory auditor shall either:
-either an unqualified conclusion;
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-either a qualified conclusion;
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-or an unfavourable conclusion;
-or an inability to conclude;
Unqualified conclusion
30. The statutory auditor shall issue an unqualified audit opinion when the limited review of the interim financial statements that he has carried out has enabled him to obtain moderate assurance that the financial statements, taken as a whole, are free from material misstatement.
Qualified conclusion
31. The statutory auditor shall issue a qualified conclusion:
-when he has identified material misstatements during his limited review of the interim financial statements and these have not been corrected;
-or when it has not been able to perform all the procedures necessary to reach a conclusion on the interim financial statements, and:
-the impact on the interim financial statements is not material.
the impact on the interim financial statements of the material misstatements or of the limitations on its work is clearly circumscribed;
– the wording of the qualification is sufficient to enable the auditor to express an opinion on the interim financial statements that is free from material misstatement.
-the wording of the qualification is sufficient to enable the user of the accounts to make an informed judgement;
Unfavourable conclusion
32. The statutory auditor shall issue an adverse conclusion:
-when he has detected, during his limited review of the interim financial statements, material misstatements and these have not been corrected, and:
-the effects of the material misstatements on the interim financial statements cannot be clearly delineated, or the expression of a reservation is not sufficient to enable the user of the financial statements to make an informed judgement.
Inability to conclude
33. The statutory auditor formulates an impossibility to conclude:
-when he has not been able to carry out all the procedures necessary to base his conclusion on the accounts, and:
-the impact on the interim financial statements of the limitations on its work cannot be clearly defined;
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-or the wording of a reservation is not sufficient to enable the user of the interim financial statements to make an informed judgement.
34. The statutory auditor also formulates an impossibility to conclude when there are multiple uncertainties whose impact on the accounts cannot be clearly circumscribed.
Observations
35. When issuing an unqualified or qualified conclusion, the statutory auditor shall, where appropriate, make any relevant observations.
36. In making an observation, the statutory auditor draws the attention of the reader of the interim financial statements to information provided in the notes to the financial statements. He may not dispense with information the disclosure of which is the responsibility of the directors.
37. Observations are set out in a separate paragraph after the conclusion.
38. The statutory auditor shall systematically make an observation on the information provided in the notes:
-in the event of uncertainty as to whether the company is a going concern;
-in the event of a change of method during the period.
Documentation
39. The statutory auditor shall record in his file sufficient and appropriate information on which to base his conclusions and to establish that his limited review was carried out in accordance with this standard.