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Article 1872-1 of the French Civil Code

Each partner contracts in his own name and is solely liable to third parties.

However, if the participants act in their capacity as partners in the sight and knowledge of third parties, each of them is liable to the latter for the obligations arising from acts performed in that capacity by one of the others, with joint and several liability, if the company is commercial, without joint and several liability in other cases.

The same applies to a partner who, by his interference, has led the other contracting party to believe that he intended to enter into a commitment towards him, or whose commitment is proved to have turned to his benefit.

In all cases, with regard to property deemed undivided pursuant to article 1872 (paragraphs 2 and 3), the provisions of Chapter VI of Title I of Book III of this Code shall apply to relations with third parties, or, if the formalities provided for in Article 1873-2 have been completed, those of Title IX bis of this book, all the partners then being, unless otherwise agreed, deemed to be managers of the joint ownership.

Original in French 🇫🇷
Article 1872-1

Chaque associé contracte en son nom personnel et est seul engagé à l’égard des tiers.

Toutefois, si les participants agissent en qualité d’associés au vu et au su des tiers, chacun d’eux est tenu à l’égard de ceux-ci des obligations nées des actes accomplis en cette qualité par l’un des autres, avec solidarité, si la société est commerciale, sans solidarité dans les autres cas.

Il en est de même de l’associé qui, par son immixtion, a laissé croire au cocontractant qu’il entendait s’engager à son égard, ou dont il est prouvé que l’engagement a tourné à son profit.

Dans tous les cas, en ce qui concerne les biens réputés indivis en application de l’article 1872 (alinéas 2 et 3), sont applicables dans les rapports avec les tiers, soit les dispositions du chapitre VI du titre Ier du livre III du présent code, soit, si les formalités prévues à l’article 1873-2 ont été accomplies, celles du titre IX bis du présent livre, tous les associés étant alors, sauf convention contraire, réputés gérants de l’indivision.

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