Sont exonérées de droits de mutation à titre gratuit, à concurrence de 75 % de leur valeur, les parts ou les actions d’une société ayant une activité industrielle, commerciale, artisanale, agricole ou libérale transmises par décès, entre vifs ou, en pleine propriété, à un fonds de pérennité mentionné à l’article 177 of law no. 2019-486 of 22 May 2019 relating to the growth and transformation of businesses if the following conditions are met:
a. The aforementioned units or shares must be the subject of a collective undertaking to retain them for a minimum period of two years in force on the day of the transfer, which has been entered into by the deceased or the donor, for himself and his successors free of charge, with other partners. This undertaking may be entered into by a single person, for himself and his successors free of charge, subject to the same conditions;
Where the units or shares transferred by death have not been the subject of a collective retention undertaking, one or more heirs or legatees may enter into the undertaking provided for in the first paragraph between themselves or with other partners within six months of the transfer;
b. 1. The collective undertaking to retain must relate to at least 10% of the financial rights and 20% of the voting rights attached to the securities issued by the company if they are admitted to trading on a regulated market or, failing that, to at least 17% of the financial rights and 34% of the voting rights, including the units or shares transferred.
These percentages must be respected throughout the term of the collective undertaking to retain. Members of the collective undertaking to retain shares may sell or donate the shares covered by the undertaking among themselves. They may also admit a new shareholder to the collective undertaking provided that the collective undertaking is renewed for a minimum period of two years.
The collective undertaking to retain shares is enforceable against the authorities from the date of registration of the deed recording it. In the case of securities admitted to trading on a regulated market, the collective undertaking to retain is subject to the provisions of article L. 233-11 of the Commercial Code.
2. The collective undertaking to retain shares is deemed to have been acquired when the shares held for at least two years, directly or indirectly under the conditions provided for in 3 of this b, by an individual alone or with his spouse, the partner with whom he is bound by a civil solidarity pact or his notorious cohabitee reach the thresholds provided for in the first paragraph of 1, provided that this person or his spouse, the partner with whom he is bound by a civil solidarity pact or his notorious cohabitee has carried out his main professional activity in the company concerned for at least two years or one of the functions listed in 1° of 1 of III of article 975 when the company is subject to corporation tax. In the event of indirect ownership, the partial exemption is granted in the proportions and under the conditions set out in 3 of this b.
3. For the calculation of the percentages provided for in the first paragraph of 1, account is taken of the securities held by a company that directly owns a stake in the company whose units or shares are the subject of the collective undertaking to retain referred to in a and to which it has subscribed.
The value of the securities of this company that are transferred benefits from the partial exemption in proportion to the real value of its gross assets that correspond to the holding that was the subject of the collective undertaking to retain;
The exemption also applies when the company held directly by the taxpayer has a holding in a company that holds the securities of the company whose units or shares are the subject of the undertaking to retain.
In this case, the partial exemption is applied to the value of the shares in the company held directly by the taxpayer, up to the limit of the fraction of the real value of the company’s gross assets that represents the value of the indirect holding that is the subject of the undertaking to retain.
The benefit of the partial exemption is subject to the condition that the holdings are retained unchanged at each level of interposition throughout the term of the collective undertaking. However, the benefit of the preferential regime is not called into question in the event of an increase in the shareholding held by the interposed companies.
c. Each of the heirs, donees or legatees undertakes in the declaration of inheritance or the deed of gift, for himself and his successors free of charge, to retain the shares or units transferred for a period of four years from the date of expiry of the period referred to in a.
Where applicable, the company whose securities are transferred, which directly or indirectly owns under the conditions provided for in 3 of b a holding in the company whose units or shares are the subject of the collective undertaking to retain referred to in a, must retain this holding during this same period;
c bis. The condition that the company carries on an industrial, commercial, craft, agricultural or liberal activity, as provided for in the first paragraph of this article, must be satisfied from the date of conclusion of the undertaking to retain provided for in the first paragraph of a and until the end of the undertaking to retain provided for in c. By way of derogation, this condition must be satisfied, in the case provided for in the second paragraph of a, from the date of transfer of the securities and, in the case provided for in 2 of b, for at least two years at the date of this transfer;
d. One of the partners referred to in a or one of the heirs, donees or legatees referred to in c actually carries on in the company whose units or shares are the subject of the collective undertaking to retain, for the duration of the undertaking provided for in a and for the three years following the date of the transfer, his main professional activity if the company is a partnership referred to in Articles 8 and 8 ter, or one of the functions listed in 1° of 1 of III of article 975 when it is subject to corporation tax, by right or by option;
d bis. The units or shares are not registered in an SME innovation account mentioned in article L. 221-32-4 of the Monetary and Financial Code. Failure by one of the signatories to comply with this condition by the end of the period referred to in c shall result in the partial exemption from which he has benefited being called into question;
e. The declaration of inheritance or the deed of gift must be supported by a certificate from the company whose units or shares are the subject of the collective undertaking to retain certifying that the conditions set out in a and b have been met up to the day of the transfer.
The heir, donee or legatee sends, at the request of the administration and within three months of this request, a certificate, which the company whose units or shares are the subject of the retention undertakings referred to in a and c sends to it, certifying that the conditions provided for in a to d have been complied with continuously since the date of the transfer.
Within three months of the expiry of the retention undertaking referred to in c, the heir, donee or legatee sends the administration a certificate, which the company forwards to it, certifying that the conditions provided for in a to d have been complied with until their expiry.
In the event of indirect holding of the units or shares which are the subject of the undertakings to retain referred to in a and c, each of the companies making up the chain of holdings sends to the persons subject to these undertakings, in the cases provided for in the second and third paragraphs of this e, a certificate certifying compliance, at its level, with the obligations to retain referred to in a and c;
e bis. In the event of non-compliance with the condition provided for in a by one of the signatories, the partial exemption is not called into question with regard to the signatories other than the transferor if:
1° Either the securities that these other signatories hold together comply with the condition provided for in b and the latter retain them until the term initially provided for;
2° Or the transferee joins the collective undertaking in respect of the securities transferred so that the percentage provided for in b remains complied with. In this case, the collective undertaking is renewed for a minimum period of two years for all signatories.
e ter. In the event of non-compliance with the retention condition provided for in a, by one of the heirs, donees or legatees following the sale or gift, to another member of the undertaking referred to in a of part of the units or shares transferred to him free of charge, the partial exemption is called into question for the seller or donor only in respect of the units or shares sold or given;
f. In the event of non-compliance with the conditions set out in a and c as a result of a contribution partially remunerated by the assumption of a balancing payment following a division or an outright contribution of securities of a company with an industrial, commercial, craft, agricultural or liberal activity to a company whose real value of the gross assets is, at the end of the contribution and until the end of the undertakings to retain mentioned in a and c, consists of more than 50% of holdings in the company subject to these undertakings, the partial exemption is not called into question if the following conditions are met:
1° At least three-quarters of the capital and related voting rights of the company receiving the contribution are, at the end of the contribution, held by the persons subject to the retention obligations set out in a and c. This company is managed directly by one or more of these persons. The conditions relating to the composition of the company’s assets, the holding of its capital and its management must be complied with following the contribution transaction and until the end of the commitments mentioned in a and c ;
2° The company receiving the contribution undertakes to keep the securities contributed until the end of the undertakings mentioned in a and c;
3° The persons mentioned in 1°, partners in the company receiving the contributions, must keep the securities received as consideration for the contribution transaction for the period mentioned in 2°.
This f also applies, under the same conditions, to the contribution of securities of a company that directly owns a stake in the company whose units or shares are the subject of the retention undertaking referred to in a or c. In this case, following the contribution and until the end of the undertakings to retain mentioned in a and c, more than 50% of the real value of the gross assets of the company benefiting from the contribution is made up of indirect holdings in the company subject to the obligations to retain set out in a and c;
g) In the event of non-compliance with the conditions set out in a or b, following a merger or demerger within the meaning of Article 817 A, a capital increase or a public exchange offer prior to a merger or demerger, provided that the merger or demerger takes place within one year of the closing of the public exchange offer, the partial exemption granted in the event of a transfer free of charge prior to one of these transactions is not called into question if the signatories respect the commitment provided for in a until the end of its term. The securities received as consideration for these transactions must be held until the same term. Similarly, this exemption is also not called into question if the condition set out in b is not met as a result of the cancellation of the securities due to losses or judicial liquidation ;
h) If the condition set out in c is not met as a result of a merger or demerger within the meaning of article 817 A, a capital increase, or a public exchange offer prior to a merger or demerger, provided that this merger or demerger is carried out in the year following the close of the public exchange offer, the partial exemption granted on the gratuitous transfer is not called into question if the securities received as consideration for these transactions are retained by the signatory of the undertaking until its expiry.
Similarly, this exemption is not called into question if the condition set out in b or c is not met as a result of the cancellation of the securities due to losses or judicial liquidation ;
i) If the condition set out in c is not met as a result of a gift, the partial exemption granted in respect of the free transfer is not called into question, provided that the donee(s) is/are the descendant(s) of the donor and that the donee(s) continues the commitment set out in c until the end of its term.
The provisions of this article apply in the event of a gift with usufruct reserved, provided that the voting rights of the usufructuary are statutorily limited to decisions concerning the allocation of profits.
A decree in the Conseil d’Etat shall determine the terms and conditions for the application of this article, in particular the reporting obligations incumbent on taxpayers and companies.