I.-Persons who have entered into an agreement with a view to acquiring, disposing of or exercising voting rights, to implementing a common policy towards the company or to obtaining control of the company are deemed to be acting in concert.
II.-Such an agreement is presumed to exist:
1° Between a company, the chairman of its board of directors and its general managers or the members of its management board or its managers;
2° Between a company and the companies it controls within the meaning of l’article L. 233-3;
3° Between companies controlled by the same person or persons;
4° Between the members of a société par actions simplifiée in respect of the companies it controls;
5° Between the trustee and the beneficiary of a trust contract, if that beneficiary is the settlor.
III.-Persons acting in concert are jointly and severally liable for the obligations imposed on them by laws and regulations.