The provision must be made by the drawer or by the person on whose behalf the bill of exchange is to be drawn, without the drawer on behalf of others ceasing to be personally obliged to the endorsers and the bearer alone.
Provision is made if, on maturity of the bill of exchange, the person on whom it is provided owes the drawer, or the person on whose behalf it is drawn, a sum at least equal to the amount of the bill of exchange.
Ownership of the provision is transferred by operation of law to the successive holders of the bill of exchange.
Acceptance presupposes the provision.
It establishes proof of it with regard to the endorsers.
Whether or not there is acceptance, the drawer alone is required to prove, in the event of denial, that those on whom the bill was drawn had provision on the due date; if not, he is required to guarantee it, even though the protest was made after the time limits laid down.