For the application of the provisions of this Book:
1° A “financial institution” is a company other than a credit institution mentioned in Article L. 511-1 or an investment firm mentioned in Article L. 531-4 and other than a purely industrial holding company, whose main activity consists of acquiring holdings or carrying out one or more of the following activities:
a) Lending;
b) Leasing;
c) Payment services;
d) Issuing and managing other means of payment, in particular travellers’ cheques and letters of credit;
e) Granting guarantees and underwriting commitments;
f) Transactions, on its own account or on behalf of clients, in money market instruments, foreign exchange markets, financial futures and options, foreign exchange instruments, interest rate instruments or securities;
g) Participation in securities issues and provision of related services;
h) Advice to companies on capital structure and industrial strategy and advice on mergers and takeovers;
i) Intermediation on interbank markets;
j) Asset management and advice;
k) Safekeeping and administration of securities;
l) Issuing of electronic money.
The financial institution may also be a financial holding company referred to in Article L. 517-1, an investment holding company referred to in Article L. 517-4-3, a payment institution or a portfolio management company;
2° The word “branch” refers to a place of business which constitutes a part of a credit institution or financial institution without legal personality and which directly carries out, in whole or in part, the operations inherent in the activity of a credit institution;
3° The expression “banking service” refers to a banking operation within the meaning of Article L. 311-1 or one of the related activities within the meaning of I of Article L. 311-2.