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Article R2111-1 of the French Public procurement code

In order to prepare for the award of a contract, the purchaser may carry out consultations or market studies, request opinions or inform economic operators of its plans and requirements. The results of prior studies and discussions may be used by the purchaser, provided that such use does not have the effect of distorting competition or infringing the principles mentioned in article L. 3.

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Article R2111-2 of the French Public procurement code

The purchaser shall take appropriate measures to ensure that competition is not distorted by the participation in the contract award procedure of an economic operator who has had access to information of which other candidates or tenderers are unaware, due to his prior direct or indirect participation in the preparation of this procedure. This operator is excluded from the award procedure only when this situation cannot be remedied by other…

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Article D2111-3 of the French Public procurement code

The annual amount of purchases provided for in article L. 2111-3 is set at fifty million euros excluding tax. In order to determine the total annual amount of their purchases, the contracting authorities and contracting entities subject to article L. 2111-3 shall take into account the expenditure incurred during a calendar year in connection with their contracts, with the exception of those covered by Book V of this Part.

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