The judicial court has exclusive jurisdiction to hear at first instance disputes concerning the French or foreign nationality of natural persons, subject to the provisions set out in the Civil Code for criminal courts with a criminal jury. It also has jurisdiction to hear disputes relating to the refusal to issue a certificate of French nationality provided for in article 31-3 of the Civil Code.
The exceptions of nationality and foreign nationality as well as that of lack of jurisdiction to hear them are of public order. They may be raised in any case and must be raised ex officio by the judge.