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Article 1367 of the French Civil Code

The signature required to perfect a legal act identifies its author. It manifests his consent to the obligations arising from that act. When it is affixed by a public official, it confers authenticity on the act.

When it is electronic, it consists of the use of a reliable identification process guaranteeing its link with the act to which it is attached. The reliability of this process is presumed, in the absence of proof to the contrary, when the electronic signature is created, the identity of the signatory is assured and the integrity of the document is guaranteed, under conditions laid down by decree in the Conseil d’Etat.

Original in French 🇫🇷
Article 1367

La signature nécessaire à la perfection d’un acte juridique identifie son auteur. Elle manifeste son consentement aux obligations qui découlent de cet acte. Quand elle est apposée par un officier public, elle confère l’authenticité à l’acte.

Lorsqu’elle est électronique, elle consiste en l’usage d’un procédé fiable d’identification garantissant son lien avec l’acte auquel elle s’attache. La fiabilité de ce procédé est présumée, jusqu’à preuve contraire, lorsque la signature électronique est créée, l’identité du signataire assurée et l’intégrité de l’acte garantie, dans des conditions fixées par décret en Conseil d’Etat.

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