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Article 311-1 of the French Civil Code

Possession of status is established by a sufficient collection of facts that reveal the filiation and kinship link between a person and the family to which he or she is said to belong.

The main of these facts are:

1° That this person has been treated by the person or persons from whom he is said to have descended as their child and that he himself has treated them as his parent or parents;

2° That they have, in this capacity, provided for his education, maintenance or settlement…;

3° That this person is recognised as their child, in society and by the family;

4° That he or she is considered as such by the public authorities;

5° That he or she bears the name of the person or persons from whom he or she is said to be descended.

Original in French 🇫🇷
Article 311-1

La possession d’état s’établit par une réunion suffisante de faits qui révèlent le lien de filiation et de parenté entre une personne et la famille à laquelle elle est dite appartenir.

Les principaux de ces faits sont :

1° Que cette personne a été traitée par celui ou ceux dont on la dit issue comme leur enfant et qu’elle-même les a traités comme son ou ses parents ;

2° Que ceux-ci ont, en cette qualité, pourvu à son éducation, à son entretien ou à son installation ;

3° Que cette personne est reconnue comme leur enfant, dans la société et par la famille ;

4° Qu’elle est considérée comme telle par l’autorité publique ;

5° Qu’elle porte le nom de celui ou ceux dont on la dit issue.

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