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Article 85 of the French Code of Criminal Procedure

Any person claiming to have been injured by a crime or offence may, by lodging a complaint, bring a civil action before the competent investigating judge pursuant to the provisions of the articles 52, 52-1 et 706-42.

However, a civil party complaint is only admissible if the person can prove either that the public prosecutor has informed him or her, following a complaint lodged with him or her or with a criminal investigation department, that he or she will not initiate proceedings, or that a period of three months has elapsed since the complaint was lodged with this magistrate, against a receipt or by registered letter with acknowledgement of receipt, or since a copy of the complaint lodged with a criminal investigation department was sent to this magistrate in the same way. This admissibility condition is not required in the case of a felony or an offence under the law of 29 July 1881 on freedom of the press or by the articles L. 86, L. 87, L. 91 to L. 100, L. 102 to L. 104, L. 106 to L. 108 and L. 113 of the Electoral Code.

By way of derogation from Article 5 of this Code, a victim who has brought an action before a civil court during the period provided for in the second paragraph may bring a civil action before the examining magistrate after having withdrawn from the civil proceedings.

Where the civil action is brought by a profit-making legal entity, it shall only be admissible if the legal entity provides evidence of its resources by attaching its balance sheet and profit and loss account.

>The civil action may be brought before the examining magistrate after having withdrawn from the civil action.

The civil action may be brought by a profit-making legal entity only if the legal entity provides evidence of its resources by attaching its balance sheet and profit and loss account.

The civil action may be brought before the examining magistrate after having withdrawn from the civil action.

Original in French 🇫🇷
Article 85

Toute personne qui se prétend lésée par un crime ou un délit peut en portant plainte se constituer partie civile devant le juge d’instruction compétent en application des dispositions des articles 52, 52-1 et 706-42.

Toutefois, la plainte avec constitution de partie civile n’est recevable qu’à condition que la personne justifie soit que le procureur de la République lui a fait connaître, à la suite d’une plainte déposée devant lui ou un service de police judiciaire, qu’il n’engagera pas lui-même des poursuites, soit qu’un délai de trois mois s’est écoulé depuis qu’elle a déposé plainte devant ce magistrat, contre récépissé ou par lettre recommandée avec demande d’avis de réception, ou depuis qu’elle a adressé, selon les mêmes modalités, copie à ce magistrat de sa plainte déposée devant un service de police judiciaire. Cette condition de recevabilité n’est pas requise s’il s’agit d’un crime ou s’il s’agit d’un délit prévu par la loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la liberté de la presse ou par les articles L. 86, L. 87, L. 91 à L. 100, L. 102 à L. 104, L. 106 à L. 108 et L. 113 du code électoral.

Par dérogation à l’article 5 du présent code, la victime qui a exercé son action devant une juridiction civile pendant le délai prévu au deuxième alinéa peut se constituer partie civile devant le juge d’instruction après s’être désistée de l’instance civile.

Lorsque la plainte avec constitution de partie civile est formée par une personne morale à but lucratif, elle n’est recevable qu’à condition que la personne morale justifie de ses ressources en joignant son bilan et son compte de résultat.

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