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Article L511-7 of the French Commercial code

The provision must be made by the drawer or by the person on whose behalf the bill of exchange is to be drawn, without the drawer on behalf of others ceasing to be personally obliged to the endorsers and the bearer alone.

Provision is made if, on maturity of the bill of exchange, the person on whom it is provided owes the drawer, or the person on whose behalf it is drawn, a sum at least equal to the amount of the bill of exchange.

Ownership of the provision is transferred by operation of law to the successive holders of the bill of exchange.

Acceptance presupposes the provision.

It establishes proof of it with regard to the endorsers.

Whether or not there is acceptance, the drawer alone is required to prove, in the event of denial, that those on whom the bill was drawn had provision on the due date; if not, he is required to guarantee it, even though the protest was made after the time limits laid down.

Original in French 🇫🇷
Article L511-7

La provision doit être faite par le tireur ou par celui pour le compte de qui la lettre de change sera tirée, sans que le tireur pour compte d’autrui cesse d’être personnellement obligé envers les endosseurs et le porteur seulement.

Il y a provision si, à l’échéance de la lettre de change, celui sur qui elle est fournie est redevable au tireur, ou à celui pour compte de qui elle est tirée, d’une somme au moins égale au montant de la lettre de change.

La propriété de la provision est transmise de droit aux porteurs successifs de la lettre de change.

L’acceptation suppose la provision.

Elle en établit la preuve à l’égard des endosseurs.

Qu’il y ait ou non acceptation, le tireur seul est tenu de prouver, en cas de dénégation, que ceux sur qui la lettre était tirée avaient provision à l’échéance ; sinon, il est tenu de la garantir, quoique le protêt ait été fait après les délais fixés.

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