Where the judicial liquidation of a legal entity reveals a shortfall in assets, the court may, in the event of mismanagement having contributed to the shortfall in assets, decide that the amount of the shortfall in assets will be borne, in whole or in part, by all or some of the de jure or de facto managers who contributed to the mismanagement. If there is more than one manager, the court may, by reasoned decision, declare them jointly and severally liable. However, in the event of simple negligence on the part of the de jure or de facto director in the management of the legal entity, the director may not be held liable for any shortfall in assets. Where the compulsory liquidation concerns an association governed by the law of 1st July 1901 relating to the contract of association or, where applicable, by the civil code applicable in the departments of Bas-Rhin, Haut-Rhin and Moselle and not subject to corporation tax under the conditions provided for in 1 bis of article 206 of the general tax code, the court shall assess the existence of mismanagement with regard to the volunteer status of the director.
Where a judicial liquidation has been opened or pronounced in respect of the business of a sole trader with limited liability to which assets are assigned, the court may, under the same conditions, order that trader to pay all or part of the shortfall in assets.
Where judicial liquidation has been opened or pronounced in respect of a sole trader covered by the status defined in Section 3 of Chapter VI of Title II of Book V of this Code, the court may also, under the same conditions, order this trader to pay all or part of the shortfall in assets. The sum payable by the entrepreneur is deducted from his personal assets.
The action is time-barred after three years from the judgment ordering the judicial liquidation.
Sums paid by the directors or the individual entrepreneur with limited liability are included in the debtor’s assets. They are distributed among all the creditors on a lump-sum basis. The managers or the individual entrepreneur with limited liability may not participate in the distributions up to the amount of the sums they have been ordered to pay.