The rights attached to a trademark are transferable in whole or in part, regardless of the person who exploits them or causes them to be exploited. The transfer of these rights, even in part, may not include any territorial limitation.
The total transfer of the business, including in application of a contractual obligation, entails the transfer of the rights attached to the trademark, unless there is an agreement to the contrary or it is clear from the circumstances of this transfer.
The rights attached to the trademark may be the subject of rights in rem. In particular, they may be pledged.
The rights attached to a trademark may be the subject, for all or part of the territory and the protected goods or services, of a grant of an exclusive or non-exclusive operating licence.
The rights conferred by the trade mark may be invoked against a licensee who infringes any of the limits of his licence as regards its duration, the form covered by the registration in which the trade mark may be used, the nature of the goods or services for which the licence is granted, the territory in which the trade mark may be affixed or the quality of the goods manufactured or services provided by the licensee.
The rights attached to the trademark may be the subject of compulsory enforcement measures.
The assignment and constitution of rights in rem, including pledges, over the rights attached to the trademark shall be evidenced in writing, on pain of nullity.
The provisions of this Article shall apply to applications for registration of trade marks.