Section I: Hearings, deliberations and judgment.

The judgment may be drawn up on paper or electronically. It shall be signed by the President and by the Registrar. If the president is unable to attend, this is noted on the minutes, which are signed by one of the judges who deliberated. When the judgment is drawn up on an electronic medium, the procedures used must guarantee its integrity and preservation. The judgment drawn up on an electronic…

The judgment shall have the probative force of an authentic instrument, subject to the provisions of Article 459.

What is prescribed by articles 447,451,454, as regards the mention of the names of judges, 455 (paragraph 1) and 456 (paragraphs 1 and 2) must be observed on pain of nullity. However, no nullity may subsequently be raised or raised ex officio for failure to observe the forms prescribed in articles 451 and 452 if it has not been raised at the time of delivery of the judgment by simple…

The omission or inaccuracy of a statement intended to establish the regularity of the judgment shall not render the judgment null and void if it is established by the pleadings, the court record or by any other means that the legal requirements have, in fact, been observed.

The nullity of a judgment may only be requested by the means of appeal provided for by law.

It is for any judge to interpret his decision if it is not subject to appeal. The request for interpretation is made by simple application by one of the parties or by joint application. The judge shall give his ruling with the parties heard or called.

Material errors and omissions affecting a judgment, even one that has become res judicata, may always be remedied by the court that rendered it or by the court to which it is referred, depending on what the case file reveals or, failing that, what reason dictates. The court is seised by a simple request from one of the parties, or by a joint request; it may also seise itself of…

The court that has omitted to rule on a head of claim may also supplement its judgment without prejudice to the res judicata as to the other heads of claim, subject to restoring, if necessary, the true statement of the respective claims of the parties and their pleas in law. The application must be made no later than one year after the decision has become res judicata or, in the…

The provisions of the preceding article shall apply if the judge has ruled on matters not requested or if more has been granted than requested.

Each of the parties shall have the option of having a copy of the judgment, bearing the executory formula, delivered to him. If there is a legitimate reason, a second copy, bearing this formula, may be issued to the same party by the registrar of the court that handed down the judgment. In the event of difficulty, the president of that court shall rule by order on motion.