It is forbidden for any person, whether a party to the contract or not, to deceive or attempt to deceive the contracting party, by any means or process whatsoever, even through the intermediary of a third party:
1° either on the nature, species, origin, substantial qualities, composition or content in useful principles of any goods;
2° either on the quantity of the goods delivered or on their identity by the delivery of goods other than the specific goods which were the subject of the contract;
3° or on the fitness for use, the risks inherent in the use of the product, the tests carried out, the instructions for use or the precautions to be taken.
The provisions of this article also apply to the provision of services.