The pilot-in-command, pilots, mechanics and all other personnel in charge of operating an aircraft must hold aeronautical qualifications under the conditions determined by order of the Minister for Civil Aviation and, where applicable, the Minister for Defence.
The aeronautical qualifications referred to as certificates, licences or licences attest to the acquisition of general theoretical and practical knowledge and entitle their holders to perform the corresponding functions, subject, where applicable, to possession of qualifications specific to a type of aircraft, equipment or flight conditions and the corresponding medical fitness required.
Certificates are issued by the Minister for Civil Aviation and, where applicable, the Minister for Defence after examination and are definitively acquired. Licences, certificates and ratings are issued by the same ministerial authorities after examination and are either acquired definitively or valid for a limited period. In the latter case, their continued validity is subject to verification of the required skills. Where no licence is issued in conjunction with a licence, the latter has the same value as a licence and is definitively acquired.
Certain single-seater or two-seater non-motorised aircraft, due to their particular characteristics, in particular their weight and speed, may be flown without an aeronautical licence under conditions laid down by order of the Minister responsible for civil aviation.