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Chapter III: Enforcement measures for land motor vehicles

Article R223-1 of the French Code of civil enforcement procedures

The administrative authority shall provide the court commissioner who so requests with the details entered in the register provided for in Article 1 of Decree no. 2023-97 of 14 February 2023 relating to the registration of a pledge over a registered land motor vehicle or trailer, as well as any information relating to the debtor’s rights over this vehicle.

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Article R223-2 of the French Code of civil enforcement procedures

The declaration of seizure provided for in article L. 223-1 shall contain the following information, failing which it shall be null and void: 1° The name and address of the debtor or, in the case of a legal entity, its name and registered office; 2° The registration number and make of the vehicle seized; 3° A reference to the enforcement order relied upon by the creditor. This declaration is served…

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Article R223-3 of the French Code of civil enforcement procedures

A copy of this declaration shall be served on the debtor within the following eight days, failing which it shall lapse. The notice of service reproduces the provisions of article R. 223-4 and contains a separate breakdown of the sums claimed, in principal, costs and accrued interest. It states in very clear characters that disputes must be brought before the enforcement judge in the debtor’s place of residence.

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Article R223-4 of the French Code of civil enforcement procedures

As from the date of service of the declaration of seizure of the vehicle and opposition to the transfer of the registration certificate, no registration certificate may be issued to a new holder unless the creditor releases the vehicle or the court orders otherwise. The declaration ceases to have effect two years after it is served, unless renewed in the same way as the initial declaration.

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Article R223-6 of the French Code of civil enforcement procedures

The device used to immobilise a vehicle, in accordance with the provisions of article L. 223-2, clearly indicates the bailiff’s telephone number. An official imprint, the characteristics of which are determined by order of the Minister of Justice, shall appear on the device. The provisions of article R. 221-12.

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Article R223-8 of the French Code of civil enforcement procedures

In all other cases, the bailiff will draw up an immobilisation report. Under penalty of nullity, this document contains 1° A reference to the enforcement order under which the vehicle was immobilised; 2° The date and time the vehicle was immobilised; 3° An indication of the place where it was immobilised and, if applicable, the place where it was transported to be deposited; 4° A brief description of the vehicle,…

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Article R223-9 of the French Code of civil enforcement procedures

If the vehicle has been immobilised in the absence of the debtor, the bailiff shall inform the debtor of this on the same day as the immobilisation, by simple letter addressed to or deposited at the debtor’s place of residence. This letter shall contain : 1° A reference to the enforcement order under which the vehicle has been immobilised; 2° An indication of the place where the vehicle has been…

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Article R223-10 of the French Code of civil enforcement procedures

Where the vehicle has been immobilised to obtain payment of a sum of money and the creditor does not implement the simplified enforcement procedure provided for in the second paragraph of article 2346 of the Civil Code, the bailiff shall serve on the debtor, no later than eight days after the immobilisation, a summons to pay which contains, under penalty of nullity : 1° A copy of the immobilisation report;…

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