Article L421-2 of the French Code of civil enforcement procedures
As an exception to the first paragraph of Article L. 131-2, the amount of the astreinte once liquidated may not exceed the amount of compensation for the damage actually caused. When setting the amount of the astreinte, account shall be taken of the difficulties encountered by the debtor in complying with the decision. The astreinte is not maintained when the occupier has established the existence of an extraneous cause that…