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Article 1112 of the French Civil Code

The initiative, conduct and termination of pre-contractual negotiations are free. They must imperatively satisfy the requirements of good faith. In the event of fault committed in the negotiations, compensation for the resulting loss may not be intended to compensate for either the loss of benefits expected from the contract not concluded, or the loss of opportunity to obtain such benefits.

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Article 1112-1 of the French Civil Code

Either party who is aware of information whose importance is decisive for the consent of the other must inform the other of this fact if the latter is legitimately unaware of this information or trusts his co-contractor. However, this duty to inform does not relate to the estimation of the value of the performance. Information which has a direct and necessary connection with the content of the contract or the…

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Article 1113 of the French Civil Code

The contract is formed by the meeting of an offer and an acceptance by which the parties manifest their will to commit themselves. This will may result from a declaration or unequivocal conduct of its author.

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Article 1114 of the French Civil Code

The offer, which may be made to a specific or unspecified person, includes the essential elements of the proposed contract and expresses the offeror’s intention to be bound in the event of acceptance. Failing this, there is only an invitation to enter into negotiations.

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Article 1116 of the French Civil Code

It may not be retracted before the expiry of the period set by its author or, failing that, the end of a reasonable period. The withdrawal of the offer in breach of this prohibition prevents the conclusion of the contract. It engages the extra-contractual liability of its author under the conditions of ordinary law without obliging him to compensate for the loss of the benefits expected from the contract.

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Article 1117 of the French Civil Code

The offer lapses on expiry of the period set by the offeror or, failing that, on expiry of a reasonable period. It also lapses in the event of the incapacity or death of the offeror, or the death of the offeree.

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Article 1118 of the French Civil Code

Acceptance is a manifestation of the offeror’s intention to be bound by the terms of the offer. As long as the acceptance has not reached the offeror, it may be freely retracted, provided that the retraction reaches the offeror before the acceptance. An acceptance which does not conform to the offer is devoid of effect, unless it constitutes a new offer.

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Article 1119 of the French Civil Code

Terms and conditions invoked by one party shall only have effect in relation to the other if they have been brought to the knowledge of the latter and accepted by it. In the event of any inconsistency between terms and conditions invoked by either party, the inconsistent clauses shall have no effect. In the event of a discrepancy between general conditions and special conditions, the latter shall prevail over the…

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