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TITLE II: THE JUDICIAL AUTHORITY AND PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE ENFORCEMENT AND RECOVERY OF CLAIMS

Article R121-1 of the French Code of civil enforcement procedures

In matters of jurisdiction, any court other than the enforcement judge must declare of its own motion that it does not have jurisdiction. The enforcement judge may neither modify the terms of the court decision on which the proceedings are based, nor suspend its enforcement. However, after service of the summons or seizure deed or from the date of the hearing provided for in article R. 3252-17 of the Labour…

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Article R121-2 of the French Code of civil enforcement procedures

Unless otherwise provided, the enforcement judge with territorial jurisdiction, at the choice of the applicant, is that of the place where the debtor resides or that of the place where the measure is enforced. Where a claim has been brought before one of these courts, it may not be brought before the other. If the debtor lives abroad or if his place of residence is unknown, the competent court is…

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Article R121-7 of the French Code of civil enforcement procedures

Where representation by a lawyer is not compulsory, the parties shall defend themselves. They may be assisted or represented by:1° A lawyer;2° Their spouse;3° Their partner or the person with whom they have entered into a civil solidarity pact;4° Their parents or relatives in the direct line;5° Their parents or relatives in the collateral line up to and including the third degree;6° Persons employed exclusively in their personal service or…

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Article R121-9 of the French Code of civil enforcement procedures

The judge may, in accordance with the second paragraph of article 446-1 of the Code of Civil Procedure , exempt a party who so requests from attending a subsequent hearing. In this case, the judge shall arrange for exchanges between the parties. Communication between the parties shall be made by registered letter with acknowledgement of receipt or by notification between lawyers, and evidence of this shall be provided to the…

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Article R121-10 of the French Code of civil enforcement procedures

During the course of the proceedings, any party may also present its case by letter addressed to the enforcement judge, provided that it can prove that the opposing party was aware of it before the hearing by registered letter with acknowledgement of receipt. A party who makes use of this option may not appear at the hearing, in accordance with the second paragraph of article 446-1 of the Code of…

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Article R121-11 of the French Code of civil enforcement procedures

Unless otherwise provided, the application shall be made by summons at the first useful hearing of the enforcement judge. The summons shall contain, on pain of nullity, a reproduction of the provisions of articles R. 121-8 to R. 121-10. It mentions, under the same sanction, the conditions under which the defendant may or must be assisted or represented, as well as, if applicable, the name of the claimant’s representative.

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