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Article L244-1 of the French Commercial code

The articles L. 242-1 to L. 242-6, L. 242-8, L. 242-17 to L. 242-24 apply to sociétés par actions simplifiées. The penalties provided for the chairman, directors or managing directors of sociétés anonymes are applicable to the chairman and managing directors of sociétés par actions simplifiées. The articles L. 242-20, L. 820-6 and L. 820-7 apply to the statutory auditors of simplified joint-stock companies.

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Article L244-2 of the French Commercial code

Failure by the chairman or manager of a société par actions simplifiée (simplified joint-stock company) to consult the shareholders under the conditions laid down in the articles of association in the event of a capital increase, amortisation or reduction, merger, demerger, dissolution or conversion into a company of a different form is punishable by six months’ imprisonment and a fine of €7,500.

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Article L244-4 of the French Commercial code

The provisions of articles L. 244-1, L. 244-2 and L. 244-3 are applicable to any person who, directly or through an intermediary, has in fact managed a société par actions simplifiée (simplified joint-stock company) under the cover of or in place of the chairman and managers of that company.

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Article L244-5 of the French Commercial code

Articles L. 242-1 to L. 242-30 apply to European companies. The penalties provided for the chairman, directors, general managers, members of the management board or members of the supervisory board of sociétés anonymes are applicable to the chairman, directors, general managers, members of the management board or members of the supervisory board of European companies. Article L. 242-20 applies to statutory auditors of European companies.

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Article L245-4 of the French Commercial code

If the chairman and directors, general managers, members of the management board and supervisory board of a public limited company or the managers of a limited partnership with shares hold, directly or indirectly under the conditions provided for by Article L. 228-35-8, non-voting preference shares in the company they manage is punishable by a fine of €150,000.

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Article L245-9 of the French Commercial code

It is punishable by a fine of 9,000 euros for the chairman, directors, managing directors or managers of a joint stock company to issue, on behalf of that company, negotiable bonds which, in the same issue, do not confer the same debt rights for the same nominal value.

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Article L245-11 of the French Commercial code

The following is punishable by two years’ imprisonment and a fine of 9,000 euros: 1° Preventing a bondholder from taking part in a general meeting of bondholders; 2° Being granted, guaranteed or promised special advantages for voting a certain way or for not taking part in the vote, as well as the fact of granting, guaranteeing or promising these special advantages.

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Article L245-12 of the French Commercial code

A fine of 6,000 euros shall be imposed on: 1° For the chairman, directors, general managers, managers, statutory auditors, members of the supervisory board or employees of the debtor company or of the company guaranteeing all or part of the debtor company’s commitments, as well as for their ascendants, descendants or spouses, to represent bondholders at their general meeting, or to agree to be the representatives of the bondholders’ group…

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Article L245-13 of the French Commercial code

A fine of €4,500 shall be imposed if the chairman of the general meeting of bondholders fails to record the decisions of any general meeting of bondholders in minutes, stating the date and place of the meeting, the method of convening, the agenda, the composition of the bureau, the number of bondholders taking part in the vote and the quorum reached, the documents and reports submitted to the meeting, a…

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Article L245-15 of the French Commercial code

The offences provided for in articles L. 245-9, and articles L. 245-12 and L. 245-13 are punishable by five years’ imprisonment and a fine of €18,000 when committed fraudulently with a view to depriving the bondholders or some of them of part of the rights attached to their debt security.

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