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Article 939 of the French Code of civil procedure

When the case is not ready to be heard, one of the members of the chamber may be appointed to hear it. This member may be appointed before the hearing scheduled for the debates. The magistrate responsible for hearing the case shall organise the exchanges between the parties appearing under the conditions and subject to the sanctions provided for in Article 446-2.

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Article 943 of the French Code of civil procedure

The magistrate in charge of investigating the case may: – order, even of his own motion, any investigative measure; – order, where appropriate, under penalty of a fine, the production of documents held by a party, or by a third party if there is no legitimate impediment.

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Article 945 of the French Code of civil procedure

The decisions of the magistrate in charge of hearing the case do not have the authority of res judicata in the main proceedings. They are not subject to any appeal independently of the judgment on the merits. However, they may be referred by simple application to the court within fifteen days of their date when they establish that the proceedings have been terminated.

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Article 946 of the French Code of civil procedure

The proceedings shall be oral. The court or the magistrate hearing the case may, in accordance with the second paragraph of article 446-1, exempt a party who so requests from attending a subsequent hearing. In this case, the court or the judge hearing the case shall arrange for the parties to communicate with each other. Communication between them shall be made by registered letter with acknowledgement of receipt or by…

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