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Article 1596 of the French Civil Code

Cannot make themselves purchasers, on pain of nullity, either by themselves or by interposed persons: Guardians, of the property of those of whom they have guardianship; Agents, of the property they are charged with selling; Administrators, of that of communes or public establishments entrusted to their care; Public officers, of national property whose sales are made by their ministry; Trustees, of the property or rights making up the trust estate.

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Article 1597 of the French Civil Code

Judges, their deputies, magistrates acting as public prosecutors, court clerks, bailiffs, lawyers, unofficial defenders and notaries, may not become assignees of litigious suits, rights and actions which fall within the jurisdiction of the court within whose jurisdiction they exercise their functions, on pain of nullity, and costs, damages and interest.

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Article 1601 of the French Civil Code

If at the time of the sale the thing sold had perished in its entirety, the sale would be void. If only part of the thing has perished, it is at the option of the purchaser to abandon the sale, or to demand the part retained, having the price determined by the breakdown.

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Article 1601-1 of the French Civil Code

A sale of a building to be constructed is one in which the seller undertakes to build a building within a period specified in the contract. It may be concluded on completion or in a future state of completion.

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Article 1601-2 of the French Civil Code

A forward sale is a contract in which the seller undertakes to deliver the property on completion and the buyer undertakes to take delivery of it and pay the price on the delivery date. Ownership is transferred ipso jure when the completion of the building is recorded in a notarised deed; it takes effect retroactively to the day of the sale.

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Article 1601-3 of the French Civil Code

The vente en l’état futur d’achèvement is the contract by which the seller immediately transfers to the purchaser his rights over the land and ownership of the existing buildings. Future works become the property of the purchaser as and when they are completed; the purchaser is required to pay the price as the work progresses. The seller retains the powers of the project owner until acceptance of the works.

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