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Article 425 of the French Code of Criminal Procedure

A civil party duly summoned who does not appear or is not represented at the hearing is considered to have withdrawn his civil party claim. In this case, and if the public prosecution has only been set in motion by the direct summons issued at the request of the civil party, the court shall not rule on the said action unless it is requested to do so by the public…

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Article 427 of the French Code of Criminal Procedure

Except where the law provides otherwise, offences may be established by any method of proof and the judge shall decide on the basis of his or her own personal conviction. The judge may base his or her decision only on evidence brought before him or her in the course of the proceedings and adversely discussed before him or her. .

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Article 429 of the French Code of Criminal Procedure

Any record or report has evidential value only if it is regular in form, if its author has acted in the exercise of his duties and has reported on a matter within his competence what he has seen, heard or observed personally. Any record of questioning or hearing must include the questions answered.

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Article 431 of the French Code of Criminal Procedure

In cases where officers of the judicial police, agents of the judicial police or officials and agents entrusted with certain functions of the judicial police have been empowered by a special provision of law to establish offences by minutes or reports, evidence to the contrary may only be adduced in writing or by witnesses. .

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